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A randomised controlled trial of extended anticoagulation treatment versus standard treatment for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and post-thrombotic syndrome in patients being treated for a first episode of unprovoked VTE (the ExACT study).
British Journal of Haematology ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-12 , DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16275
Charlotte Bradbury 1 , Kate Fletcher 2 , Yongzhong Sun 2 , Carl Heneghan 3 , Chris Gardiner 4 , Andrea Roalfe 3 , Pollyanna Hardy 2 , Debbie McCahon 5 , Gail Heritage 2 , Helen Shackleford 2 , Fd Richard Hobbs 3 , David Fitzmaurice 6
Affiliation  

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is prevalent and impactful, with a risk of death, morbidity and recurrence. Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a common consequence and associated with impaired quality of life (QoL). The ExACT study was a non-blinded, prospective, multicentred randomised controlled trial comparing extended versus limited duration anticoagulation following a first unprovoked VTE (proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). Adults were eligible if they had completed ≥3 months anticoagulation (remaining anticoagulated). The primary outcome was time to first recurrent VTE from randomisation. The secondary outcomes included PTS severity, bleeding, QoL and D-dimers. Two-hundred and eighty-one patients were recruited, randomised and followed up for 24 months (mean age 63, male:female 2:1). There was a significant reduction in recurrent VTE for patients receiving extended anticoagulation [2·75 vs. 13·54 events/100 patient years, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0·20 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0·09 to 0·46, P < 0·001)] with a non-significant increase in major bleeding [3·54 vs. 1·18 events/100 patient years, aHR 2·99 (95% CI: 0·81-11·05, P = 0·10)]. Outcomes of PTS and QoL were no different between groups. D-dimer results (on anticoagulation) did not predict VTE recurrence. In conclusion, extended anticoagulation reduced VTE recurrence but did not reduce PTS or improve QoL and was associated with a non-significant increase in bleeding. Results also suggest very limited clinical utility of D-dimer testing on anticoagulated patients.

中文翻译:

延长抗凝治疗与标准治疗的随机对照试验,以预防因无缘无故VTE的首发而接受治疗的患者复发性静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)和血栓后综合症(ExACT研究)。

静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)普遍存在且具有影响力,存在死亡,发病和复发的风险。血栓形成后综合症(PTS)是常见的后果,并与生活质量(QoL)受损有关。ExACT研究是一项无盲,前瞻性,多中心的随机对照试验,比较了在首次无缘无故的VTE(近端深静脉血栓形成或肺栓塞)后进行延长抗凝和有限抗凝的情况。如果成年人完成了≥3个月的抗凝治疗(剩余的抗凝治疗),则符合资格。主要结果是从随机分组开始首次复发VTE的时间。次要结果包括PTS严重程度,出血,QoL和D-二聚体。招募了281例患者,随机分组并随访24个月(平均年龄63,男性:女性2:1)。接受长期抗凝治疗的患者的复发性VTE显着降低[2·75比13·54事件/ 100患者年,调整后的危险比(aHR)0·20(95%置信区间(CI):0·09至0·46,P <0·001)],大出血无明显增加[3·54比1·18事件/ 100患者年,aHR 2·99(95%CI:0·81-11· 05,P = 0·10)]。两组间PTS和QoL的结果无差异。D-二聚体结果(抗凝治疗)不能预测VTE复发。总之,延长抗凝治疗可减少VTE复发,但不能降低PTS或改善QoL,并且与出血无明显增加有关。结果还表明,D-二聚体检测对抗凝患者的临床效用非常有限。调整后的危险比(aHR)0·20(95%置信区间(CI):0·09至0·46,P <0·001)],大出血无明显增加[3·54 vs. 1· 18事件/ 100患者年,aHR 2·99(95%CI:0·81-11·05,P = 0·10)]。两组间PTS和QoL的结果无差异。D-二聚体结果(抗凝治疗)不能预测VTE复发。总之,延长抗凝治疗可减少VTE复发,但不能降低PTS或改善QoL,并且与出血无明显增加有关。结果还表明,D-二聚体检测对抗凝患者的临床效用非常有限。调整后的危险比(aHR)0·20(95%置信区间(CI):0·09至0·46,P <0·001)],大出血无明显增加[3·54比1· 18事件/ 100患者年,aHR 2·99(95%CI:0·81-11·05,P = 0·10)]。两组间PTS和QoL的结果无差异。D-二聚体结果(抗凝治疗)不能预测VTE复发。总之,延长抗凝治疗可减少VTE复发,但不能降低PTS或改善QoL,并且与出血无明显增加有关。结果还表明,D-二聚体检测对抗凝患者的临床效用非常有限。两组间PTS和QoL的结果无差异。D-二聚体结果(抗凝治疗)不能预测VTE复发。总之,延长抗凝治疗可减少VTE复发,但不能降低PTS或改善QoL,并且与出血无明显增加有关。结果还表明,D-二聚体检测对抗凝患者的临床效用非常有限。两组间PTS和QoL的结果无差异。D-二聚体结果(抗凝治疗)不能预测VTE复发。总之,延长抗凝治疗可减少VTE复发,但不能降低PTS或改善QoL,并且与出血无明显增加有关。结果还表明,D-二聚体检测对抗凝患者的临床效用非常有限。
更新日期:2019-11-13
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