Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most common cancer in men. The proportion of all PCa attributable to high-risk hereditary factors has been estimated to 5-15%. Recent landmark discoveries in PCa genetics led to the identification of germline mutations/alterations (eg. BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM or HOXB13), single nucleotide polymorphisms or copy number variations associated with PCa incidence and progression. However, offering germline testing to men with an assumed hereditary component is currently controversial. In the present review article, we provide an overview about the epidemiology and the genetic basis of PCa predisposition and critically discuss the significance and consequence in the clinical routine. In addition, we give an overview about genetic tests and report latest findings from ongoing clinical studies. Lastly, we discuss the impact of genetic testing in personalized therapy in advanced stages of the disease.

中文翻译：

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遗传性前列腺癌-黄金时间进行基因检测？

前列腺癌（PCa）仍然是男性中最常见的癌症。据估计，可归因于高风险遗传因素的所有PCa的比例为5-15％。PCa遗传学的最新标志性发现导致了对种系突变/改变（例如BRCA1，BRCA2，ATM或HOXB13），单核苷酸多态性或与PCa发生和发展相关的拷贝数变异的鉴定。然而，目前对具有遗传成分的男性进行种系检测尚存在争议。在本文中，我们概述了PCa易感性的流行病学和遗传基础，并严格讨论了其在临床常规中的意义和后果。此外，我们提供了有关基因检测的概述，并报告了正在进行的临床研究的最新发现。最后，