Lithium (Li) metal is considered as a promising anode candidate for next‐generation batteries owing to its extremely high specific capacity and low reduction potential. However, Li metal anode is still hindered by uncontrolled Li dendrites and extreme volume fluctuation. Composite Li metal anode emerges as an attractive strategy to suppress Li dendrites and relieve volume fluctuation by regulating the behaviors of Li plating/stripping. Although progresses are visible in composite Li anode with much excess Li (>50 mAh cm⁻²), high negative/positive capacity ratio (>50), and low current density (<1 mA cm⁻²), yet the suppression of Li dendrites and long lifespan of practical Li batteries are still challenged with limited Li (<10 mAh cm⁻²), low negative/positive capacity ratio (<3), and high current density (>3 mA cm⁻²). Here, the progresses of composite Li anode are reviewed in terms of the material types, structures, and fabrications of composite Li anode in order to promote the substantial developments of practical Li batteries. Furthermore, the perspectives of current challenges and further rational designs of composite Li anode are presented aiming to bring new avenues for high‐energy‐density practical Li batteries.

中文翻译：

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实际应用中复合锂金属阳极的综述

金属锂由于其极高的比容量和低还原电位而被认为是下一代电池的有希望的阳极候选物。但是，锂金属阳极仍然受到不受控制的锂枝晶和极高的体积波动的阻碍。复合锂金属阳极作为抑制锂枝晶和通过调节锂电镀/剥离行为来缓解体积波动的一种有吸引力的策略而出现。尽管在复合锂阳极中可以看到进步，复合锂阳极中的锂过量很多（> 50 mAh cm ^-2，负/正容量比高（> 50），电流密度低（<1 mA cm ^-2），但是锂的抑制作用却很明显。有限的Li（<10 mAh cm ^-2），低的正/负电容比（<3）和高的电流密度（> 3 mA cm ^-2）。在此，从复合锂阳极的材料类型，结构和制造方面对复合锂阳极的研究进展进行了综述，以促进实用锂电池的实质性发展。此外，本文提出了复合锂负极当前面临的挑战和进一步合理设计的观点，旨在为高能量密度实用锂电池带来新的途径。