Fluorescent labeling through bioconjugation is the preferred tool for the investigation of biological functions involving lipids, namely for clarifying metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms of diseases. The lack of functionalized lipid probes with biological and physicochemical properties suitable for these studies is still a major limitation. Moreover, the synthesis of these probes is challenging and strongly dependent on the application envisioned. The objective of this Review is to highlight advances in the application of fluorescent glycerophospholipid probes through innovative approaches in the synthesis reported in the past decade. The reaction pathways, choice of fluorophore, and location of fluorophore in the glycerophospholipid structure are critically addressed. The relevance of these bioconjugates is exemplified with applications using advanced analysis by fluorescence enhancement or quenching to unravel biomembrane structure features and phospholipase activity. Finally, this Review reinforces the need for innovative and more efficient routes for the synthesis of tailored glycerophospholipids fluorescent conjugates.

中文翻译：

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新兴的甘油磷脂荧光探针：合成与应用。

通过生物共轭进行荧光标记是研究涉及脂质的生物学功能（即阐明疾病的代谢途径和分子机制）的首选工具。缺少适合这些研究的具有生物学和物理化学性质的功能化脂质探针仍然是主要的限制。此外，这些探针的合成是具有挑战性的，并且在很大程度上取决于所设想的应用。这篇综述的目的是通过过去十年中报道的合成中的创新方法，重点介绍荧光甘油磷脂探针的应用进展。关键解决了反应途径，荧光团的选择以及荧光团在甘油磷脂结构中的位置。这些生物结合物的相关性在通过荧光增强或淬灭来揭示生物膜结构特征和磷脂酶活性的先进分析中得到了应用。最后，本综述强调了对于合成定制的甘油磷脂荧光偶联物的创新途径和更有效途径的需求。