Microphysiological systems, also known as organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms, show promise for the development of new testing methods that can be more accurate than both conventional two‐dimensional (2D) cultures and costly animal studies. The development of more intricate microphysiological systems can help to better mimic the human physiology and highlight the systemic effects of different drugs and materials. Nanomaterials are among a technologically important class of materials used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring purposes; all of which can be tested using new organ‐on‐a‐chip systems. In addition, the toxicity of nanomaterials which have entered the body from ambient air or diet can have deleterious effects on various body systems. This in turn can be studied in newly developed microphysiological systems. While organ‐on‐a‐chip models can be useful, they cannot pick up secondary and systemic toxicity. Thus, the utilization of multiorgan‐on‐a‐chip systems for advancing nanotechnology will largely be reflected in the future of drug development, toxicology studies, and precision medicine. Various aspects of related studies, current challenges, and future perspectives are discussed in this paper.

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微生理系统：用于评估纳米材料毒性和治疗效果的下一代系统

微生理系统，也称为芯片器官平台，有望开发出比传统二维 (2D) 培养和昂贵的动物研究更准确的新测试方法。开发更复杂的微生理系统有助于更好地模仿人体生理学并突出不同药物和材料的全身效应。纳米材料是用于诊断、治疗和监测目的的一类技术重要的材料。所有这些都可以使用新的芯片器官系统进行测试。此外，从环境空气或饮食进入体内的纳米材料的毒性会对各种身体系统产生有害影响。这反过来可以在新开发的微生理系统中进行研究。虽然芯片器官模型可能有用，但它们无法检测继发性和全身性毒性。因此，利用多器官芯片系统来推进纳米技术将在很大程度上反映在未来的药物开发、毒理学研究和精准医疗中。本文讨论了相关研究的各个方面、当前的挑战和未来的前景。