Abstract As a biocompatible and designer solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) are extensively used for enzymatic conversion of substrates, particularly those that are insoluble or sparingly soluble in water and common organic solvents. More than a decade ago, the first-generation ILs involved in enzymatic reactions generally comprised an imidazolium cation and non-coordinating anions, such as tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate. Recently, focus has shifted to more environmentally acceptable second- and third-generation ILs comprising enzyme compatible cations (e.g., cholinium salts) and anions, such as amines and amino acids. A wide range of such ILs have been derived from readily available renewable resources and used in biocatalytic reactions. Compared with first-generation ILs, the use of enzymes in second- and third-generation ILs provides better activity and stability, and they are also attractive from both an environmental and an economic viewpoint. In this review, we report the recent advances of enzymatic reactions in second- and third-generation ILs. The intention of this review is not to cover first-generation ILs, but rather to update and overview the potential approaches developed within the last ten years for enzymatic reactions in second- and third-generation ILs.

中文翻译：

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离子液体中酶促反应的最新进展：第二部分

摘要 作为一种生物相容性和设计溶剂，离子液体 (IL) 被广泛用于底物的酶促转化，特别是那些不溶于或微溶于水和常见有机溶剂的底物。十多年前，参与酶促反应的第一代离子液体通常包含咪唑鎓阳离子和非配位阴离子，例如四氟硼酸盐和六氟磷酸盐。最近，焦点已转移到环境更可接受的第二代和第三代离子液体，包括与酶相容的阳离子（例如胆碱盐）和阴离子，例如胺和氨基酸。范围广泛的此类 ILs 来自易得的可再生资源，并用于生物催化反应。与第一代IL相比，在第二代和第三代 IL 中使用酶可提供更好的活性和稳定性，并且从环境和经济的角度来看，它们也很有吸引力。在这篇综述中，我们报告了第二代和第三代 IL 中酶促反应的最新进展。本综述的目的不是涵盖第一代 IL，而是更新和概述过去十年内为第二代和第三代 IL 中的酶促反应开发的潜在方法。