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A fossil-calibrated phylogeny reveals the biogeographic history of the Cladrastis clade, an amphi-Pacific early-branching group in papilionoid legumes.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106673
Lei Duan 1 , A J Harris 2 , Chun Su 3 , Wen Ye 4 , Shuang-Wen Deng 4 , Lin Fu 4 , Jun Wen 5 , Hong-Feng Chen 4
Affiliation  

The early-branching Cladrastis clade of papilionoid legumes (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) has an intriguing amphi-Pacific disjunct distribution in eastern Asia and temperate-tropical Americas. Here we used nuclear and three plastid regions to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times in the Cladrastis clade, as well as the evolution of morphological characters that might have been key in its biogeographic history. The ancestral character state estimation revealed that the most recent common ancestor of the Cladrastis clade was deciduous trees possessing compressed, winged fruits. The Cladrastis clade was inferred to have originated in the mid-latitude thermophilic forests of North America in the early Eocene, followed by the split between ancestors of wing-fruited Platyosprion and the non-wing-fruited group, and later the divergence of Cladrastis s.s. from the non-wing-fruited group in middle Eocene. Platyosprion and Cladrastis s.s. display an "out-of-North-America" biogeographic pattern and might have migrated to Asia via the Bering land bridge (BLB) or the North Atlantic land bridges (NALB) during middle to late Eocene. Our results, coupled with the relatively well documented fossil record for the clade, suggest that Platyosprion experienced an extinction event in North America caused by climatic cooling around the Eocene-Oligocene transition, which drove a major vegetation shift in western North America, in turn serving as a barrier for the vicariance of Pickeringia and Styphnolobium. The evolution of shrubby habit and sclerophyllous leaves in the former might be adaption to the chaparral vegetation in southwestern North America; the latter gained the trait of moniliform, succulent fruit. Styphnolobium further dispersed southward to tropical North America in the Oligocene, and eastward to Asia through BLB during middle Miocene. Subsequent sundering of BLB facilitated the vicariance of St. affine and St. japonicum.

中文翻译:

化石校正的系统发育史揭示了克拉德提斯进化枝的生物地理历史,克拉德提斯进化枝是乳突类豆科植物中的两栖太平洋早期分支群。

早期分支的豆科豆科植物豆科植物(豆科,Papilionoideae)在东亚和温带热带美洲具有令人着迷的两栖-太平洋分离分布。在这里,我们使用核和三个质体区域来重建克拉德斯进化枝的系统发育关系和发散时间,以及形态特征的演变,这可能是其生物地理史上的关键。祖先状态估计表明,克拉德斯进化枝的最近共同祖先是落叶果树,有压缩的有翅的果实。Cladrastis进化枝据推测起源于始新世早期的北美中纬度嗜热森林,随后是有翅果桔梗的祖先和无翅果祖先的分裂,后来Cladrastis ss与中始新世的非翅果类不同。侧柏和克拉德斯属生物显示出“北美洲以外”的生物地理格局,并且可能在始新世中期至晚期通过白令陆桥(BLB)或北大西洋陆桥(NALB)迁移到亚洲。我们的结果,再加上相对有据可查的进化枝化石记录,表明鸭嘴兽在北美洲经历了始新世-渐新世过渡期周围气候变冷导致的灭绝事件,这导致了北美西部地区的主要植被转移。阻碍了Pickeringia和Styphnolobium的迁徙。前者灌木状习性和硬叶叶片的演化可能是适应北美西南部的丛林植被。后者具有念珠状,多汁的果实的特性。麦兜球在渐新世中进一步向南散布到北美洲热带地区,在中新世中期通过BLB向东散布到亚洲。随后BLB的破坏促进了St. affine和St. japonicum的区别。
更新日期:2019-11-08
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