Abstract This paper reviews the field of microwave photonics instantaneous frequency measurements (IFM). It aims to consolidate the literature, explains the key implementations and reviews the recent developments. Current photonic IFMs are capable of operating over a wide bandwidth with a good resolution. However, their implementations are often based on discrete components and exhibit limited dynamic range and moderate efficiency. Photonic integration and improvements of dynamic range and efficiency are thus necessary, and they are anticipated as the future research directions and developments.

中文翻译：

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微波光子学瞬时频率测量的最新进展

摘要 本文综述了微波光子学瞬时频率测量（IFM）领域。它旨在整合文献，解释关键实现并回顾最近的发展。当前的光子 IFM 能够以良好的分辨率在宽带宽上运行。然而，它们的实现通常基于分立元件，并表现出有限的动态范围和中等效率。因此，光子集成以及动态范围和效率的改进是必要的，并且它们有望成为未来的研究方向和发展。