INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different prognoses and responses to systemic treatment depending on its molecular characteristics, which makes it imperative to develop new biomarkers for an individualized diagnosis and personalized oncological treatment. Ex vivo high-resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HRMAS 1H MRS) is the most common technique for metabolic quantification in human surgical and biopsy tissue specimens. OBJECTIVE To perform a review of the current available literature on the clinical applications of HRMAS 1H MRS metabolic analysis in tissue samples of breast cancer patients. METHODS This systematic scoping review included original research papers published in the English language in peer-reviewed journals. Study selection was performed independently by two reviewers and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. RESULTS The literature search returned 159 studies and 26 papers were included as part of this systematic review. There was considerable variation regarding tissue type, aims, and statistical analysis methods across the different studies. To facilitate the interpretation of the results, the included studies were grouped according to their aims or main outcomes into: feasibility and tumor diagnosis (n = 6); tumor heterogeneity (n = 2); correlation with proteomics/transcriptomics (n = 3); correlation with prognostic factors (n = 11); and response evaluation to NAC (n = 4). CONCLUSION There is a lot of potential in including metabolic information of breast cancer tissue obtained with HRMAS 1H MRS. To date, studies show that metabolic concentrations quantified by this technique can be related to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response in breast cancer patients.

中文翻译：

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使用高分辨率魔角旋转质子磁共振波谱 (HRMAS 1H MRS) 的乳腺癌代谢组学临床应用：系统范围审查。

引言 乳腺癌是一种异质性疾病，根据其分子特征具有不同的预后和对全身治疗的反应，这使得开发用于个体化诊断和个体化肿瘤治疗的新生物标志物势在必行。离体高分辨率魔角旋转质子磁共振波谱 (HRMAS 1H MRS) 是人体手术和活检组织标本中代谢量化的最常用技术。目的 回顾现有的关于 HRMAS 1H MRS 代谢分析在乳腺癌患者组织样本中的临床应用的文献。方法 本系统范围审查包括在同行评审期刊上以英语发表的原创研究论文。研究选择由两名评价员独立进行，并遵循系统评价和荟萃分析 (PRISMA) 指南的首选报告项目。结果 文献检索返回 159 项研究，26 篇论文被纳入本系统评价。不同研究之间在组织类型、目标和统计分析方法方面存在相当大的差异。为了便于解释结果，纳入的研究根据其目的或主要结果分为：可行性和肿瘤诊断（n = 6）；肿瘤异质性（n = 2）；与蛋白质组学/转录组学的相关性（n = 3）；与预后因素的相关性（n = 11）；和对 NAC 的反应评估（n = 4）。结论 包含使用 HRMAS 1H MRS 获得的乳腺癌组织的代谢信息有很大的潜力。迄今为止，研究表明，通过这种技术量化的代谢浓度可能与乳腺癌患者的诊断、预后和治疗反应有关。