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Structural and functional conservation of non-lumenized lymphatic endothelial cells in the mammalian leptomeninges.
Acta Neuropathologica ( IF 12.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02091-z
Shannon Shibata-Germanos 1 , James R Goodman 2, 3 , Alan Grieg 1 , Chintan A Trivedi 1 , Bridget C Benson 4, 5 , Sandrine C Foti 4, 5 , Ana Faro 1 , Raphael F P Castellan 6 , Rosa Maria Correra 6 , Melissa Barber 1 , Christiana Ruhrberg 6 , Roy O Weller 7 , Tammaryn Lashley 4, 5 , Jeffrey J Iliff 2, 8 , Thomas A Hawkins 1 , Jason Rihel 1
Affiliation  

The vertebrate CNS is surrounded by the meninges, a protective barrier comprised of the outer dura mater and the inner leptomeninges, which includes the arachnoid and pial layers. While the dura mater contains lymphatic vessels, no conventional lymphatics have been found within the brain or leptomeninges. However, non-lumenized cells called Brain/Mural Lymphatic Endothelial Cells or Fluorescent Granule Perithelial cells (muLECs/BLECs/FGPs) that share a developmental program and gene expression with peripheral lymphatic vessels have been described in the meninges of zebrafish. Here we identify a structurally and functionally similar cell type in the mammalian leptomeninges that we name Leptomeningeal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (LLEC). As in zebrafish, LLECs express multiple lymphatic markers, containing very large, spherical inclusions, and develop independently from the meningeal macrophage lineage. Mouse LLECs also internalize macromolecules from the cerebrospinal fluid, including Amyloid-β, the toxic driver of Alzheimer's disease progression. Finally, we identify morphologically similar cells co-expressing LLEC markers in human post-mortem leptomeninges. Given that LLECs share molecular, morphological, and functional characteristics with both lymphatics and macrophages, we propose they represent a novel, evolutionary conserved cell type with potential roles in homeostasis and immune organization of the meninges.

中文翻译:

哺乳动物软脑膜中非腔化淋巴管内皮细胞的结构和功能保护。

脊椎动物 CNS 被脑膜包围,脑膜是一种保护屏障,由外部硬脑膜和内部软脑膜组成,其中包括蛛网膜和软脑膜层。虽然硬脑膜含有淋巴管,但在大脑或软脑膜内未发现常规淋巴管。然而,在斑马鱼的脑膜中描述了与外周淋巴管共享发育程序和基因表达的称为脑/壁淋巴内皮细胞或荧光颗粒外皮细胞 (muLECs/BLECs/FGPs) 的非腔化细胞。在这里,我们在我们命名为软脑膜淋巴内皮细胞 (LLEC) 的哺乳动物软脑膜中发现了一种结构和功能相似的细胞类型。与斑马鱼一样,LLEC 表达多种淋巴标记,包含非常大的球形内含物,并独立于脑膜巨噬细胞谱系发育。小鼠 LLEC 还会内化来自脑脊液的大分子,包括淀粉样蛋白-β,它是阿尔茨海默病进展的毒性驱动因素。最后,我们在人类死后软脑膜中识别出形态相似的细胞共表达 LLEC 标记。鉴于 LLEC 与淋巴管和巨噬细胞共享分子、形态和功能特征,我们认为它们代表了一种新的进化保守细胞类型,在脑膜的体内平衡和免疫组织中具有潜在作用。我们在人类死后软脑膜中发现形态相似的细胞共表达 LLEC 标记。鉴于 LLEC 与淋巴管和巨噬细胞共享分子、形态和功能特征,我们认为它们代表了一种新的进化保守细胞类型,在脑膜的体内平衡和免疫组织中具有潜在作用。我们在人类死后软脑膜中发现形态相似的细胞共表达 LLEC 标记。鉴于 LLEC 与淋巴管和巨噬细胞共享分子、形态和功能特征,我们认为它们代表了一种新的进化保守细胞类型,在脑膜的体内平衡和免疫组织中具有潜在作用。
更新日期:2019-11-06
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