Blood test data were traditionally confined to the clinic for diagnostic purposes, but are now becoming more routinely used in many professional and elite high-performance settings as a physiological profiling and monitoring tool. A wealth of information based on robust research evidence can be gleaned from blood tests, including: the identification of iron, vitamin or energy deficiency; the identification of oxidative stress and inflammation; and the status of red blood cell populations. Serial blood test data can be used to monitor athletes and make inferences about the efficacy of training interventions, nutritional strategies or indeed the capacity to tolerate training load. Via a profiling and monitoring approach, blood biomarker measurement combined with contextual data has the potential to help athletes avoid injury and illness via adjustments to diet, training load and recovery strategies. Since wide inter-individual variability exists in many biomarkers, clinical population-based reference data can be of limited value in athletes, and statistical methods for longitudinal data are required to identify meaningful changes within an athlete. Data quality is often compromised by poor pre-analytic controls in sport settings. The biotechnology industry is rapidly evolving, providing new technologies and methods, some of which may be well suited to athlete applications in the future. This review provides current perspectives, limitations and recommendations for sports science and sports medicine practitioners using blood profiling and monitoring for nutrition and performance purposes.

中文翻译：

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高性能生理和营养的血液生物标志物分析和监测：当前观点，局限性和建议。

血液检测数据传统上只限于临床用于诊断目的，但现在越来越多地在许多专业和精英的高性能环境中用作生理分析和监视工具。可以从血液检查中获得大量基于可靠研究证据的信息，包括：铁，维生素或能量缺乏症的鉴定；识别氧化应激和炎症；以及红细胞数量的状况。连续的血液测试数据可用于监测运动员并推断出训练干预措施的有效性，营养策略或实际上可以承受训练负荷的能力。通过剖析和监视方法，血液生物标志物的测量与上下文数据相结合，可以通过调整饮食，训练负荷和恢复策略来帮助运动员避免受伤和患病。由于许多生物标志物之间存在广泛的个体差异，因此基于临床人群的参考数据在运动员中的价值可能有限，并且需要纵向数据的统计方法来识别运动员中有意义的变化。运动环境中不良的预分析控件通常会损害数据质量。生物技术产业正在迅速发展，提供了新的技术和方法，其中一些可能非常适合将来的运动员应用。这篇评论提供了当前的观点，