The Female Athlete Triad represents three interrelated conditions of (i) low energy availability (energy deficiency), presenting with or without disordered eating, (ii) menstrual dysfunction, and (iii) poor bone health, each of which can exist along a continuum of severity ranging from mild and moderate subclinical health concerns to severe clinical outcomes, including eating disorders, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. This review provides a brief overview of the Female Athlete Triad, including updating the current thinking regarding energy availability and how it relates to reproductive function, and sets the stage for an initial working model of a similar syndrome in males that will be based on currently available evidence and will later be defined and referred to as a Male Athlete Triad by the newly re-named Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition. A primary focus of this paper will be on the physiology of each Triad model with an emphasis on low energy availability and its role in reproductive function, with a brief introduction on its effects on bone health in men. From the data reviewed, (i) a specific threshold of energy availability below which menstrual disturbances are induced is not supported; (ii) it appears that the energetic, reproductive, and bone systems in men are more resilient to the effects of low energy availability compared to those of women, requiring more severe energetic perturbations before alterations are observed; and (iii) it appears that recovery of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis can be observed more quickly in men than in women.

中文翻译：

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能量可用性在女运动员三合会生殖功能中的作用及其对男人的影响范围的扩展：男运动员类似综合症的初始工作模型。

女运动员三合会代表以下三个相互关联的状况：（i）能量供应不足（能量不足），有或没有饮食不当，（ii）月经功能障碍，（iii）骨骼健康状况不佳，每种情况都可能沿着连续的过程存在。严重程度从轻度和中度亚临床健康问题到严重的临床结局，包括饮食失调，闭经和骨质疏松症。这篇综述简要介绍了女运动员三合会，包括更新了有关能量可用性及其与生殖功能的关系的最新思路，并为男性类似综合征的初步工作模型奠定了基础，该模型将基于当前的可用模型证据，随后将由新近重新命名的“女运动员和男运动员三合会”定义并称为“男运动员三合会”。本文的主要重点是每种Triad模型的生理学，重点是低能量利用率及其在生殖功能中的作用，并简要介绍其对男性骨骼健康的影响。根据所审查的数据，（i）不支持特定的能量可用性阈值，低于该阈值会引起月经紊乱；（ii）与女性相比，男性的能量，生殖和骨骼系统似乎对低能量供应的影响更具弹性，在观察到变化之前需要更严重的能量扰动；（iii）男性比女性更快地观察到了下丘脑垂体性腺轴的恢复。