The graphite material from exhausted Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is reused as a favorable anode for Na-ion batteries (NIBs) and K-ion batteries (KIBs) through a recycling treatment. The optimized electrode delivers improved electrochemical performance, such as 162 mA h g⁻¹ in NIBs at 0.2 A g⁻¹ and 320 mA h g⁻¹ in KIBs at 0.05 A g⁻¹. In addition, the insights into Na/K-ion de-/intercalation model evolution and corresponding electrochemical analysis are conducted through in operando X-ray diffraction and a series of other characterization methods, discovering a visible transitional stage for NIBs and an irreversible initial cycle phase transformation for KIBs. In a word, we not only provide a new recycling concept for waste graphite anodes but also carry out a series of significant intercalation mechanism studies, which contribute to anode recycling and shed light on the development of graphite material for promising alternative ion batteries.

中文翻译：

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从废锂离子电池回收的石墨的分阶段Na / K离子脱除/插层：在操作X射线衍射研究中和用于Na / K离子电池的高级阳极材料†

废锂离子电池（LIB）产生的石墨材料经过回收处理后，可以作为Na离子电池（NIB）和K离子电池（KIB）的良好阳极再利用。优化的电极提供了改进的电化学性能，如162毫安汞柱^-1在0.2 A克钞^-1和320毫安汞柱^-1 0.05 A G在KIBS ^-1。此外，通过操作来深入了解Na / K离子去离子/插层模型的演化以及相应的电化学分析。X射线衍射和其他一系列表征方法，发现了NIB的可见过渡阶段和KIB的不可逆初始循环相变。简而言之，我们不仅为废石墨阳极提供了一种新的回收概念，而且还进行了一系列重要的插层机理研究，这些研究有助于阳极回收，并为开发用于有希望的替代离子电池的石墨材料提供了启示。