Negative bias in face processing has been demonstrated in depression, but there are no longitudinal investigations of negative bias in symptom reduction. We recorded event-related potentials (P1 and N170) to task-irrelevant facial expressions in depressed participants who were later provided with a psychological intervention and in never depressed control participants. Follow-up measurements were conducted for the depressed group two and 39 months later. Negative bias was found specifically in the depression group, and was demonstrated as enlarged P1 amplitude to sad faces, which normalized in the follow-up measurements when the participants had fewer symptoms. Because the P1 amplitude recorded at the baseline did not differ between the depression group that recovered and the group that did not recover after the intervention, this brain response did not show potential as a biomarker for treatment response. It could have potential, however, to serve as a state-marker of depression.

中文翻译：

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与任务无关的悲伤面孔的事件相关电位作为抑郁症的状态标志

面部处理中的负面偏见已在抑郁症中得到证实，但没有对减轻症状的负面偏见进行纵向调查。我们记录了事件相关电位（P1 和 N170）与抑郁参与者的任务无关面部表情，这些参与者后来接受了心理干预，而从未抑郁的对照组参与者。2 个月和 39 个月后对抑郁组进行了随访测量。在抑郁症组中特别发现了负偏差，并被证明为放大的 P1 振幅到悲伤的面孔，当参与者症状较少时，在后续测量中正常化。因为在基线记录的 P1 振幅在抑郁症康复组和干预后未康复组之间没有差异，这种大脑反应没有显示出作为治疗反应生物标志物的潜力。然而，它可能有可能成为抑郁症的状态标志。