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Air Toxics and Other Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Unconventional Oil and Gas Development
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 10.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00591
Arsineh Hecobian 1 , Andrea L. Clements 1 , Kira B. Shonkwiler 1 , Yong Zhou 1 , Landan P. MacDonald 1 , Noel Hilliard 1 , Bradley L. Wells 1 , Bryan Bibeau 2 , Jay M. Ham 3 , Jeffrey R. Pierce 1 , Jeffrey L. Collett 1
Affiliation  

Unconventional oil and natural gas (UONG) exploration and production have grown rapidly and are expected to increase further in the United States and internationally. Direct measurements of key air pollutant emissions from UONG are limited, especially during drilling and completion (hydraulic fracturing and flowback) of new wells. Knowledge of emission rates (ERs) of air toxics and other air pollutants from these activities is urgently needed to inform public policy. To address this key knowledge gap, we use a tracer ratio method to quantify pad-level, activity-specific [drilling, hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”), flowback, and production] ERs of 46 VOCs in the Denver-Julesburg (D-J, a mixed oil and gas play) and Piceance (primarily natural gas) basins in Colorado. Large differences in ERs of individual VOCs were observed across operation types, across facilities conducting the same operation type, and over time during a single operation. ERs of benzene and most VOCs were highest in both basins during flowback, when injected fracking fluids and produced water flow to the surface. ERs from production are much lower, an important result given the significant difference in the duration of activity (days to weeks for flowback vs decades for production). Fracking ERs of light alkanes and benzene were higher in the Piceance Basin than in the D-J Basin. Findings from this study provide important new information that can be used to evaluate potential health hazards and other air quality impacts of unconventional oil and gas activities in Colorado’s two major oil and gas production basins.

中文翻译:

非常规油气开发产生的空气有毒物质和其他挥发性有机化合物排放

非常规石油和天然气(UONG)的勘探和生产增长迅速,在美国和国际上有望进一步增长。UONG关键空气污染物排放的直接测量受到限制,尤其是在新井的钻探和完井(水力压裂和回流)过程中。迫切需要从这些活动中了解空气中的有毒物质和其他空气污染物的排放率(ERs),以为公共政策提供信息。为了解决这一关键的知识鸿沟,我们使用示踪剂比率法来量化丹佛-尤尔斯堡(DJ,DJ)的46级VOC的垫层级,特定活动[钻探,水力压裂(“压裂”),回流和生产)的ER。油气盆地)和Piceance(主要是天然气)盆地。在不同的操作类型中,各个VOC的ER差异很大,在执行相同操作类型的设施之间,以及在一次操作期间随着时间的推移。当注入压裂液并产生水流到地表时,返流过程中两个盆地的苯ERs和大多数VOCs最高。生产活动产生的ER要低得多,这是重要的结果,因为活动持续时间存在显着差异(回流的天数至数周相对于生产的数十年)。Piceance盆地的轻质烷烃和苯的压裂ERs高于DJ盆地。这项研究的发现提供了重要的新信息,可用于评估科罗拉多州两个主要油气生产盆地中非常规油气活动的潜在健康危害和其他空气质量影响。当注入压裂液并产生水流到地表时,返流过程中两个盆地的苯ERs和大多数VOCs最高。生产活动产生的ER要低得多,这是重要的结果,因为活动持续时间存在显着差异(回流的天数至数周相对于生产的数十年)。Piceance盆地的轻质烷烃和苯的压裂ERs高于DJ盆地。这项研究的发现提供了重要的新信息,可用于评估科罗拉多州两个主要油气生产盆地中非常规油气活动的潜在健康危害和其他空气质量影响。当注入压裂液并产生水流到地表时,返流过程中两个盆地的苯ERs和大多数VOCs最高。生产活动产生的ER要低得多,这是重要的结果,因为活动持续时间存在显着差异(回流的天数至数周相对于生产的数十年)。Piceance盆地的轻质烷烃和苯的压裂ERs高于DJ盆地。这项研究的发现提供了重要的新信息,可用于评估科罗拉多州两个主要油气生产盆地中非常规油气活动的潜在健康危害和其他空气质量影响。鉴于活动持续时间(倒排的天数至数周与生产的数十年数)存在显着差异,因此获得了重要的结果。Piceance盆地的轻质烷烃和苯的压裂ERs高于DJ盆地。这项研究的发现提供了重要的新信息,可用于评估科罗拉多州两个主要油气生产盆地中非常规油气活动的潜在健康危害和其他空气质量影响。鉴于活动持续时间(倒排的天数至数周与生产的数十年数)存在显着差异,因此获得了重要的结果。Piceance盆地的轻质烷烃和苯的压裂ERs高于DJ盆地。这项研究的发现提供了重要的新信息,可用于评估科罗拉多州两个主要油气生产盆地中非常规油气活动的潜在健康危害和其他空气质量影响。
更新日期:2019-11-05
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