Samples of calcium titanate perovskite (CaTiO3) substituted with variable amounts of trivalent La, Pr, Nd or Sm were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The synthesized compounds were characterized by means of electron microprobe (EMPA), powder X-ray diffraction and µ-Raman spectroscopy. The incorporation of the studied lanthanides in the CaTiO3 perovskite leads to the formation of complex (Ca1-2xLn2x)(Ti1-xCax)O3 perovskites with a Pbnm disordered structure. This mechanism was revealed by the Ca/Ti ratio analyses of the samples, the study of the lattice parameter evolution and the Raman A1g octahedral breathing mode frequency comparison for all systems.

中文翻译：

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三价稀土元素掺入CaTiO3钙钛矿的实验研究：新取代机制的证据

通过固态反应合成了钛酸钙钙钛矿 (CaTiO3) 样品，该样品被不同数量的三价 La、Pr、Nd 或 Sm 取代。通过电子微探针 (EMPA)、粉末 X 射线衍射和 μ-拉曼光谱对合成的化合物进行表征。所研究的镧系元素在 CaTiO3 钙钛矿中的掺入导致形成具有 Pbnm 无序结构的复合物 (Ca1-2xLn2x)(Ti1-xCax)O3 钙钛矿。通过样品的 Ca/Ti 比分析、晶格参数演化的研究和所有系统的拉曼 A1g 八面体呼吸模式频率比较，揭示了这种机制。