Dissipative solitons are localized solutions in non-integrable and non-conservative nonlinear system, due to a balance of nonlinearity, dispersion, filtering, and loss/gain. Different from conventional soliton, they exhibit extremely complex and striking dynamics, and are more universal in the far-from-equilibrium natural system. Taking advantage of dispersive Fourier transform and time lens, the spatio-temporal transient dynamics of dissipative solitons have been characterized with both amplitude and phase. Yet, a full avenue of the buildup process of dissipative soliton is full of debris for the lack of the polarization evolution information. Here, we characterize the probabilistic polarization distributions in the buildup of dissipative soliton in a net-normal dispersion fiber laser system mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes. The lasing system operates from random amplified spontaneous emission to stable dissipative soliton when the cavity gain is increasing, and state of polarization of each wavelength convergence exponentially towards a fixed point. To reveal the invariant polarization relationship among various wavelengths, the phase diagram of the ellipticity angle and spherical orientation angle is introduced. We find that the polarization of each filtered wavelength in the central region of the dissipative soliton is linearly spaced, while those in the two fronts are spatially varying. Increasing cavity gain leads to spectrum broadening, meanwhile, the polarizations of the new generated frequencies are extending to scatter. Further increasing pump power results into dissipative soliton explosion, during which a kind of polarization optical rogue waves is identified. Those experimental results provide more information for deeper insights into the transient dynamics of dissipative soliton fiber laser.

中文翻译：

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耗散孤子光纤激光器的偏振演化动力学

由于非线性、色散、滤波和损耗/增益的平衡，耗散孤子是不可积和非保守非线性系统中的局部解。不同于传统的孤子，它们表现出极其复杂和惊人的动力学，在远离平衡的自然系统中更具普遍性。利用色散傅里叶变换和时间透镜，耗散孤子的时空瞬态动力学已被表征为幅度和相位。然而，由于缺乏极化演化信息，耗散孤子形成过程的完整途径充满了碎片。在这里，我们表征了在由单壁碳纳米管锁模的净法向色散光纤激光器系统中耗散孤子积累中的概率偏振分布。当腔增益增加时，激光系统从随机放大的自发发射到稳定的耗散孤子，并且每个波长的偏振状态以指数方式收敛到固定点。为了揭示不同波长之间不变的偏振关系，引入了椭圆度角和球面取向角的相位图。我们发现耗散孤子中心区域的每个过滤波长的偏振是线性间隔的，而两个前沿的偏振是空间变化的。增加腔增益导致频谱展宽，同时，新产生的频率的极化扩展到散射。进一步增加泵浦功率导致耗散孤子爆炸，在此期间识别出一种偏振光流氓波。这些实验结果为更深入地了解耗散孤子光纤激光器的瞬态动力学提供了更多信息。