BACKGROUND AND AIMS The placenta is a remarkable organ which provides critical transport functions between the maternal and fetal circulations during pregnancy. The demand for mineral components increases during the gestational period, therefore, an appropriate intake of minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese, determines the correct growth and development of a fetus. The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of selected elements in the placenta, and to assess the impact of their concentrations on the birth weight and birth length of newborns. The second aim of the study was to assess the influence of selected sociodemographic factors on the concentration of elements in the placenta. RESULTS The study demonstrated that the age of mothers affected the concentration of Ca and Mn in the placenta, and their habit of tobacco smoking during the gestational period was associated with higher concentrations of Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Cd in the placental tissue. The results also showed that concentrations of K, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the placental tissue affected birth length. Furthermore, the association was demonstrated between a higher Cd concentration in the placenta (≥ 0.0503 μg/g) and the birth anthropometric parameters of neonates. CONCLUSIONS Smoking during pregnancy and environment pollution are the factors that affects the concentration of elements in the placenta and contributes to their high accumulation in the placenta. Smoking during pregnancy causes an increased concentration of cadmium in the placenta which has negative health effects for the newborn. Women living in a big city or village had a higher concentration of cadmium in their placentas compared to women living in smaller cities. The significant influence of some elements (K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Cd) on the newborn's birth parameters was also demonstrated. The results of our research indicate the importance of the mother's lifestyle in providing the placenta with elements, which affects the growth of the fetus.

中文翻译：

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根据所选的社会人口统计学因素，胎盘中所选元素的浓度及其对新生儿出生质量和出生长度的影响。

背景与目的胎盘是一种非凡的器官，在怀孕期间在母体和胎儿循环之间提供关键的转运功能。在妊娠期间，对矿物质成分的需求增加，因此，钙，磷，钾，镁，铁，锌，铜和锰等矿物质的适当摄入量决定了胎儿的正确生长发育。该研究的目的是评估胎盘中所选元素的浓度，并评估其浓度对新生儿出生体重和出生时长的影响。该研究的第二个目的是评估所选的社会人口统计学因素对胎盘中元素浓度的影响。结果研究表明，母亲的年龄影响胎盘中钙和锰的浓度，孕期吸烟习惯与钙，磷，钾，镁，铁，铜和镉的较高浓度有关。在胎盘组织中。结果还表明，胎盘组织中K，Fe，Zn和Mn的浓度会影响出生时长。此外，在胎盘中较高的Cd浓度（≥0.0503μg/ g）与新生儿的出生人体测量学参数之间存在关联。结论怀孕期间吸烟和环境污染是影响胎盘中元素浓度并促进其在胎盘中高积累的因素。怀孕期间吸烟会导致胎盘中镉的浓度升高，对新生儿的健康产生负面影响。与生活在较小城市中的妇女相比，生活在大城市或乡村中的妇女胎盘中镉的浓度更高。还证明了某些元素（K，Fe，Zn，Cu和Cd）对新生儿出生参数的显着影响。我们的研究结果表明，母亲的生活方式在为胎盘提供元素方面具有重要意义，这会影响胎儿的成长。还证明了其出生参数。我们的研究结果表明，母亲的生活方式在为胎盘提供元素方面具有重要意义，这会影响胎儿的成长。还证明了其出生参数。我们的研究结果表明，母亲的生活方式在为胎盘提供元素方面具有重要意义，这会影响胎儿的成长。