Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are powerful new therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. With the first OV (talimogene laherparepvec [T-vec]) obtaining US Food and Drug Administration approval, interest in OVs has been boosted greatly. Nevertheless, despite extensive research, oncolytic virotherapy has shown limited efficacy against solid tumors. Recent advances in viral retargeting, genetic editing, viral delivery platforms, tracking strategies, OV-based gene therapy, and combination strategies have the potential to broaden the applications of oncolytic virotherapy in oncology. In this review, we present several insights into the limitations and challenges of oncolytic virotherapy, describe the strategies mentioned above, provide a summary of recent preclinical and clinical trials in the field of oncolytic virotherapy, and highlight the need to optimize current strategies to improve clinical outcomes.

溶瘤病毒（OVs）是癌症治疗中强大的新型治疗剂。随着第一个OV（talimogene laherparepvec [T-vec]）获得美国食品和药物管理局的批准，对OV的兴趣大大提高了。然而，尽管进行了广泛的研究，但溶瘤病毒疗法对实体瘤的疗效有限。病毒靶向，基因编辑，病毒传递平台，追踪策略，基于OV的基因治疗和联合策略的最新进展具有扩大溶瘤病毒疗法在肿瘤学中的应用的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们对溶瘤病毒疗法的局限性和挑战提出了一些见解，描述了上述策略，总结了溶瘤病毒疗法领域的近期临床前和临床试验，