Water contamination is a worldwide critical issue for the present society to avoid competition and maintain an environmentally friendly scenario. Removal of various pollutants including inorganic and organic compounds from water is a big challenge nowadays. Worldwide attention to promote polluted water and technologies related to its treatment has been adversely increased. The utilization of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for this purpose has gained much attention due to its exceptional properties imparted by reduced size and effective surface area. Moreover, metal/metal oxide NPs-based innovation for improved expulsion productivity is an ingenious area for research and development but the use of such NPs presents some serious risks. Herein, the advanced requisition of NPs for polluted water treatment is highlighted along with the difficulties related to them and their toxic impacts when used as water purifiers. Additionally, the plausible fate of metal/metal oxide NPs incorporated in the water for purification and salient future challenges are deliberated.

水污染是当今社会避免竞争并维持环境友好情景的世界性关键问题。如今，从水中去除包括无机和有机化合物在内的各种污染物是一项巨大的挑战。全世界对促进污染水及其处理相关技术的关注已受到不利影响。由于减小的尺寸和有效的表面积赋予其优异的性能，因此将金属/金属氧化物纳米颗粒（NPs）用于此目的已经引起了广泛的关注。此外，基于金属/金属氧化物NPs的创新技术可提高驱逐效率，这是研究和开发的一个巧妙领域，但是使用此类NPs会带来一些严重的风险。在此处，强调了NPs用于污水处理的高级需求，以及与它们相关的困难以及它们在用作净水器时的毒性影响。此外，还考虑了掺入水中用于净化和未来挑战的金属/金属氧化物NPs可能存在的命运。