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A Simplified Method for Fractionation and Analysis of Waxes and Oils from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Bran
The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-21 , DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12284
Megan E. Hums 1 , Robert A. Moreau 1
Affiliation  

In the United States, sorghum is primarily used for animal feed and ethanol production but has potential to provide value‐added coproducts including waxes and oil. The surface of sorghum contains 0.1–0.4% wax; however, wax extraction from whole kernels before fermentation may not be economical. An alternative method for this extraction could be facilitated through decortication, abrasion of the surface to remove bran. Decortication increases the starch content of decorticated sorghum, potentially improving ethanol yields, while concentrating wax and oil to the bran. Typically, oil (triacylglycerols) and waxes are extracted from bran in one extraction and waxes are precipitated from oil using cold temperatures then filtration. This research compared traditional fractionation (simulated with a two‐step, single‐temperature extraction) to a two‐step, dual‐temperature extraction, whereby oil is first extracted at room temperature and then waxes at elevated temperature. Extractions were performed using an accelerated solvent extractor with hexane or ethanol as solvents. Ethanol extraction showed greater yields (~15% w/w) compared to those of hexane (~11% w/w) because polar materials were extracted. Using hexane, the two‐step, dual‐temperature fractionation separated waxes from oils via the temperature of extraction solvent with similar purity to the traditional method that fractionated via cold precipitation and filtration. For ethanol, the traditional single‐step method fractionated with higher wax purity but lower oil purity compared to the two‐step, dual‐temperature fractionation.

中文翻译:

分馏和分析高粱麸皮中的蜡和油的简化方法

在美国,高粱主要用于动物饲料和乙醇的生产,但有潜力提供增值的副产品,包括蜡和油。高粱的表面含有0.1-0.4%的蜡。但是,在发酵前从整个谷粒中提取蜡可能并不经济。脱皮的另一种方法可以通过脱皮,表面磨蚀以去除麸皮来实现。脱皮增加了脱皮高粱的淀粉含量,潜在地提高了乙醇产量,同时将蜡和油浓缩到了麸皮中。通常,一次提取从麸皮中提取油(三酰基甘油)和蜡,然后使用低温将蜡从油中沉淀出来,然后过滤。这项研究将传统分馏(模拟为两步,单温度提取)与两步进行了比较,双温萃取,首先在室温下萃取油,然后在高温下上蜡。使用加速溶剂萃取器以己烷或乙醇为溶剂进行萃取。与正己烷(〜11%w / w)相比,乙醇萃取显示出更高的收率(〜15%w / w),因为萃取了极性物质。使用己烷进行的两步双温分馏通过萃取溶剂的温度将蜡从油中分离出来,其纯度与通过冷沉淀和过滤进行分馏的传统方法相似。对于乙醇,与两步双温分馏相比,传统的一步法分馏的蜡纯度更高,而油纯度更低。从而首先在室温下提取油,然后在高温下上蜡。使用加速溶剂萃取器以己烷或乙醇为溶剂进行萃取。与正己烷(〜11%w / w)相比,乙醇萃取显示出更高的收率(〜15%w / w),因为萃取了极性物质。使用己烷进行的两步双温分馏通过萃取溶剂的温度将蜡从油中分离出来,其纯度与通过冷沉淀和过滤进行分馏的传统方法相似。对于乙醇,与两步双温分馏相比,传统的一步法分馏的蜡纯度更高,而油纯度更低。从而首先在室温下提取油,然后在高温下上蜡。使用加速溶剂萃取器以己烷或乙醇为溶剂进行萃取。与正己烷(〜11%w / w)相比,乙醇萃取显示出更高的收率(〜15%w / w),因为萃取了极性物质。使用己烷进行的两步双温分馏通过萃取溶剂的温度将蜡从油中分离出来,其纯度与通过冷沉淀和过滤进行分馏的传统方法相似。对于乙醇,与两步双温分馏相比,传统的一步法分馏的蜡纯度更高,而油纯度更低。与正己烷(〜11%w / w)相比,乙醇萃取显示出更高的收率(〜15%w / w),因为萃取了极性物质。使用己烷进行的两步双温分馏通过萃取溶剂的温度将蜡从油中分离出来,其纯度与通过冷沉淀和过滤进行分馏的传统方法相似。对于乙醇,与两步双温分馏相比,传统的一步法分馏的蜡纯度更高,而油纯度更低。与正己烷(〜11%w / w)相比,乙醇萃取显示出更高的收率(〜15%w / w),因为萃取了极性物质。使用己烷进行的两步双温分馏通过萃取溶剂的温度将蜡从油中分离出来,其纯度与通过冷沉淀和过滤进行分馏的传统方法相似。对于乙醇,与两步双温分馏相比,传统的一步法分馏的蜡纯度更高,而油纯度更低。
更新日期:2019-12-02
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