In response to infection or injury, the body mounts an inflammatory immune response in order to neutralize pathogens and promote tissue repair. The key effector cells for these responses are the leukocytes (white blood cells), which are specifically recruited to the site of injury. However, dysregulation of the inflammatory response, characterized by the excessive migration of leukocytes to the affected tissues, can also lead to chronic inflammatory diseases. Leukocyte recruitment is regulated by inflammatory mediators, including an important family of small secreted chemokines and their corresponding G protein-coupled receptors expressed in leukocytes. Unsurprisingly, due to their central role in the leukocyte inflammatory response, chemokines and their receptors have been intensely investigated and represent attractive drug targets. Nonetheless, the full therapeutic potential of chemokine receptors has not been realized, largely due to the complexities in the chemokine system. The determination of chemokine-receptor structures in recent years has dramatically shaped our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underpin chemokine signaling. In this review, we summarize the contemporary structural view of chemokine-receptor recognition, and describe the various binding modes of peptide and small-molecule ligands to chemokine receptors. We also provide some perspectives on the implications of these data for future research and therapeutic development. IMPORTANCE STATEMENT: Given their central role in the leukocyte inflammatory response, chemokines and their receptors are considered as important regulators of physiology and viable therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a summary of the current understanding of chemokine: chemokine-receptor interactions that have been gained from structural studies, as well as their implications for future drug discovery efforts.

中文翻译：

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趋化因子和受体相互作用的结构基础：炎症反应中白细胞募集的关键调节剂。

响应感染或伤害，身体会发炎性免疫反应，以中和病原体并促进组织修复。这些反应的关键效应细胞是白细胞（白细胞），它们被专门募集到损伤部位。然而，以白细胞过度迁移至患病组织为特征的炎症反应失调也可导致慢性炎症性疾病。白细胞募集受到炎症介质的调节，炎症介质包括重要的小分泌趋化因子家族及其在白细胞中表达的相应的G蛋白偶联受体。毫无疑问，由于其在白细胞炎症反应中的重要作用，趋化因子及其受体已被广泛研究，并代表了有吸引力的药物靶标。尽管如此，趋化因子受体的全部治疗潜力尚未实现，这在很大程度上归因于趋化因子系统的复杂性。近年来，趋化因子受体结构的确定极大地影响了我们对支持趋化因子信号传导的分子机制的理解。在这篇综述中，我们总结了趋化因子受体识别的当代结构观点，并描述了肽和小分子配体与趋化因子受体的各种结合方式。我们还提供了关于这些数据对未来研究和治疗发展的影响的一些观点。重要声明：考虑到趋化因子及其受体在白细胞炎症反应中的重要作用，它们被认为是重要的生理调节剂和可行的治疗靶标。在这篇评论中，