During degranulation, mast cells secrete a specific set of mediators defined as "secretome" including the preformed mediators that have already been synthesized by a cell and contained in the cytoplasmic granules. This group includes serine proteases, in particular, chymase and tryptase. Biological significance of chymase depends on the mechanisms of degranulation and is characterized by selective effects on the cellular and non-cellular components of the specific tissue microenvironment. Chymase is known to be closely involved in the mechanisms of inflammation and allergy, angiogenesis, and oncogenesis, remodeling of the extracellular matrix of the connective tissue and changes in organ histoarchitectonics. Number of chymase-positive mast cells in the intra-organ population, and the mechanisms of biogenesis and secretome degranulation appear to be the informative criteria for interpreting the state of the internal organs, characterizing not only the diagnostic efficacy but also the properties of targets of pharmacotherapy. In this review, we discussed the current state of knowledge about mast cell chymase as one of the mast cell secretome proteases. Main issues of the reviewed publications are highlighted with our microscopic images of mast cell chymase visualized using immunohistochemical staining.

中文翻译：

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肥大细胞糜酶：形态功能特征。

在脱粒过程中，肥大细胞分泌一组特定的介体，定义为“分泌体”，包括已经由细胞合成并包含在细胞质颗粒中的预先形成的介体。该组包括丝氨酸蛋白酶，特别是糜酶和类胰蛋白酶。糜酶的生物学意义取决于脱粒机制，其特征在于对特定组织微环境中细胞和非细胞成分的选择性作用。已知胰酶与炎症和变态反应，血管生成和致癌机理，结缔组织的细胞外基质重塑以及器官组织结构变化密切相关。器官内人群中糜酶阳性肥大细胞的数量，生物发生和分泌组脱粒的机制似乎是解释内部器官状态的信息标准，不仅具有诊断功效，还具有药物治疗靶标的特性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关肥大细胞糜酶作为肥大细胞分泌组蛋白酶之一的当前知识状态。我们的肥大细胞糜酶的显微图像通过免疫组织化学染色可视化，突出显示了所审阅出版物的主要问题。