Abstract Temperature is a basic parameter influencing the behavior of systems in physics, chemistry and biology. From living cells to microcircuits, a wide range of cases require thermometry techniques that can be applied to reduced areas, offering sub-micrometric resolution and high accuracy. Since traditional thermometers cannot be applied in such systems, alternative tools have been specifically designed to measure temperature at the nanoscale; including scanning thermal microscopy, non-contact optical techniques or various types of luminescent nanoparticles. Each option presents interesting advantages, but also limitations that need to be considered and understood. We provide here an overview of the main currently available nanothermometry tools, discussing their pros and cons toward potential applications.

中文翻译：

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选择纳米温度计的指导原则

摘要 温度是影响物理、化学和生物系统行为的基本参数。从活细胞到微电路，范围广泛的情况需要可应用于缩小区域的测温技术，提供亚微米分辨率和高精度。由于传统温度计无法应用于此类系统，因此专门设计了替代工具来测量纳米级温度；包括扫描热显微镜、非接触式光学技术或各种类型的发光纳米粒子。每个选项都有有趣的优点，但也有需要考虑和理解的局限性。我们在此概述了当前可用的主要纳米测温工具，讨论了它们对潜在应用的利弊。