The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) aims to prevent invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) worldwide through education, research and cooperation. In March 2019, a GMI meeting was held with a multidisciplinary group of experts and representatives from countries within Eastern Europe. Across the countries represented, IMD surveillance is largely in place, with incidence declining in recent decades and now generally at <1 case per 100,000 persons per year. Predominating serogroups are B and C, followed by A, and cases attributable to serogroups W, X and Y are emerging. Available vaccines differ between countries, are generally not included in immunization programs and provided to high-risk groups only. Available vaccines include both conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines; however, current data and GMI recommendations advocate the use of conjugate vaccines, where possible, due to the ability to interrupt the acquisition of carriage. Ongoing carriage studies are expected to inform vaccine effectiveness and immunization schedules. Additionally, IMD prevention and control should be guided by monitoring outbreak progression and the emergence and international spread of strains and antibiotic resistance through use of genomic analyses and implementation of World Health Organization initiatives. Protection of high-risk groups (such as those with complement deficiencies, laboratory workers, migrants and refugees) is recommended.

中文翻译：

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预防和控制脑膜炎球菌疾病：东欧全球脑膜炎球菌倡议的最新动态。

全球脑膜炎球菌倡议（GMI）旨在通过教育，研究与合作在全球范围内预防侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病（IMD）。2019年3月，与来自东欧国家的多学科专家和代表举行了GMI会议。在所代表的各个国家中，IMD监视基本上已经到位，近几十年来发病率呈下降趋势，现在一般为每年每100,000人中有1例以下。主要的血清群是B和C，其次是A，并且正在出现可归因于W，X和Y血清群的病例。可用的疫苗因国家/地区而异，通常不包含在免疫计划中，仅提供给高危人群。可用的疫苗包括结合疫苗和多糖疫苗。然而，当前的数据和GMI建议由于可能中断运输的能力而提倡使用结合疫苗。预计正在进行的运输研究将为疫苗效力和免疫计划提供信息。此外，IMD的预防和控制应通过使用基因组分析和实施世界卫生组织的举措来监测暴发的进展以及菌株和抗生素抗性的出现和国际传播。建议保护高风险群体（如缺乏补充的群体，实验室工作人员，移民和难民）。IMD的预防和控制应通过使用基因组分析和实施世界卫生组织的举措来监测暴发的进展以及菌株和抗生素耐药性的暴发进展以及国际传播情况。建议保护高风险群体（如缺乏补充的群体，实验室工作人员，移民和难民）。IMD的预防和控制应通过使用基因组分析和实施世界卫生组织的举措来监测暴发的进展以及菌株和抗生素耐药性的暴发进展以及国际传播情况。建议保护高风险群体（如缺乏补充的群体，实验室工作人员，移民和难民）。