Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the absence of oestrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).¹ Taken as a whole, this heterogeneous group of tumours display the highest distant metastasis rate and lowest overall survival (OS) of all breast cancer subtypes.² Despite surgery and adjuvant therapies, half of primary TNBC confined to breast and lymph nodes recur in distant sites by 5 years, and there is a strong predilection for metastasis to visceral organs and the central nervous system.³ Systemic treatment of metastatic TNBC is currently limited to chemotherapy drugs, with successive regimens displaying diminishing effectiveness. Although the molecular landscape is largely known, no biologically targeted therapies have yet demonstrated applicability to this subtype.

中文翻译：

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三阴性乳腺癌新辅助治疗中的争议性问题

三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）由缺乏雌激素，孕激素和人类表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）定义。¹作为一个整体，肿瘤的这组异质显示所有乳腺癌亚型的最高远处转移率和最低的总体生存（OS）。²尽管进行了外科手术和辅助治疗，但到5年时，一半局限于乳腺和淋巴结的原发性TNBC仍在远处复发，并且很容易转移至内脏器官和中枢神经系统。³目前，转移性TNBC的全身治疗仅限于化学治疗药物，其后的治疗方案显示出逐渐减弱的有效性。尽管分子界已广为人知，但尚未有针对生物的靶向疗法显示出对该亚型的适用性。