Obesity is a leading contributing factor to cancer development worldwide. Epidemiological evidence suggests that diet affects cancer risk and also substantially alters therapeutic outcome. Therefore, studying the impact of diet in the development and treatment of cancer should be a clinical priority. In this Review, we set out the evidence supporting the role of lipid metabolism in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer cell phenotype. We will discuss how dietary lipids can impact phenotype thereby affecting disease trajectory and treatment response. Finally, we will posit potential strategies on how this knowledge can be exploited to increase treatment efficacy and patient survival.

肥胖是导致全球癌症发展的主要因素。流行病学证据表明，饮食会影响癌症的风险，也会大大改变治疗效果。因此，研究饮食对癌症发展和治疗的影响应该是临床上的优先事项。在这篇综述中，我们提出了支持脂质代谢在塑造肿瘤微环境（TME）和癌细胞表型中作用的证据。我们将讨论饮食中的脂质如何影响表型，从而影响疾病的轨迹和治疗反应。最后，我们将就如何利用这些知识来提高治疗效果和患者生存率提出潜在的策略。