Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occurs with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of treatments for PTSD in adult patients with a history of TBI. We searched for longitudinal studies aimed at treatments for PTSD patients who sustained a TBI, published in English between 1980 and February 2019. Twenty-three studies were found eligible, and 26 case studies were included for a separate overview. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Research Triangle Institute item bank. The majority of studies included types of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in male service members and veterans with a history of mild TBI in the United States. Studies using prolonged exposure (PE), cognitive-processing therapy (CPT) or other types of CBT, usually in combination with additional treatments, showed favorable outcomes. A smaller number of studies described complementary and novel therapies, which showed promising results. Overall, the quality of studies was considered low. We concluded that CBT seem appropriate for the patient population with history of TBI. The evidence is less strong for other therapies. We recommend controlled studies of PTSD treatments including more female patients and those with a history of moderate to severe TBIs in civilian and military populations.

创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）经常与颅脑外伤（TBI）并发。我们进行了系统的评价，以评估在有TBI病史的成年患者中PTSD治疗的适当性和有效性。我们搜索了针对患有TBI的PTSD患者的治疗方法的纵向研究，该研究在1980年至2019年2月之间以英文发表。发现有23项研究符合条件，其中包括26项案例研究作为单独概述。合格研究的质量使用三角研究所的项目库进行评估。大多数研究包括在美国有轻度TBI病史的男性服务人员和退伍军人的认知行为疗法（CBT）类型。使用长时间暴露（PE），认知加工疗法（CPT）或其他类型的CBT进行的研究，通常与其他治疗相结合，均显示出良好的效果。较少的研究描述了互补和新颖的疗法，这些研究显示出令人鼓舞的结果。总体而言，研究质量被认为很低。我们得出的结论是，CBT似乎适合有TBI病史的患者。其他疗法的证据不充分。我们建议对PTSD治疗进行对照研究，包括更多的女性患者以及在平民和军事人群中有中度至重度TBI病史的患者。其他疗法的证据不充分。我们建议对PTSD治疗进行对照研究，包括更多的女性患者以及在平民和军事人群中有中度至重度TBI病史的患者。其他疗法的证据不充分。我们建议对PTSD治疗进行对照研究，包括更多的女性患者以及在平民和军事人群中有中度至重度TBI病史的患者。