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piRNA-Guided CRISPR-like Immunity in Eukaryotes.
Trends in Immunology ( IF 16.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-31 , DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.09.003
Youdiil Ophinni 1 , Umberto Palatini 2 , Yoshitake Hayashi 1 , Nicholas F Parrish 3
Affiliation  

Eukaryotic genomes contain virus-derived sequences called endogenous virus elements (EVEs). The majority of EVEs are related to retroviruses, which integrate into the host genome in order to replicate. Some retroviral EVEs encode a function; for example, some produce proteins that block infection by related viruses. EVEs derived from nonretroviral viruses - also recently found in many eukaryotic genomes - are more enigmatic. Here, we summarize the evidence that EVEs can act as templates to generate Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), whose canonical function is sequence-specific silencing of transposable elements (TEs) to maintain genomic integrity. We argue that EVEs may thus enable heritable, sequence-specific antiviral immune memory in eukaryotes - analogous to CRISPR-Cas immunity in prokaryotes.

中文翻译:

真核生物中由piRNA引导的CRISPR免疫。

真核基因组包含病毒衍生的序列,称为内源性病毒元件(EVE)。大多数EVE与逆转录病毒有关,后者整合到宿主基因组中以进行复制。一些逆转录病毒EVE编码一个功能。例如,有些蛋白质会阻止相关病毒的感染。最近在许多真核生物基因组中发现的非逆转录病毒衍生的EVE更令人迷惑。在这里,我们总结了证据,证明EVE可以充当生成Piwi相互作用RNA(piRNA)的模板,其典型功能是转座因子(TEs)的序列特异性沉默,以维持基因组完整性。我们认为,EVE可能因此在真核生物中实现可遗传的,序列特异性的抗病毒免疫记忆,类似于原核生物的CRISPR-Cas免疫。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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