Accurate manipulation of a substance on the nanoscale and ultimately down to the level of a single atom or molecule is an ongoing subject of frontier research. Herein, we show that topologies of water monolayers on substrates, in the complete wetting condition, can be manipulated into rich forms of ordered structures via electrowetting. Notably, two new topologies of monolayer ices were identified from our molecular dynamics simulations: one stable below room temperature and the other one having the ability to be stable at room temperature. Moreover, the wettability of the substrate can be tuned from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic by uniformly changing the charge of each atomic site of the dipole or quadrupole distributed in an orderly manner on the model substrate. At a certain threshold value of the atomic charge, water droplets on the substrate can spread out spontaneously, achieving a complete electrowetting. Importantly, unlike the conventional electrowetting, which involves application of a uniform external electric field, we proposed non-conventional electrowetting, for the first time, by invoking the electric field of dipoles and quadrupoles embedded in the substrate. Moreover, different topologies of water monolayers can be achieved by using the non-conventional electrowetting. A major advantage of the non-conventional electrowetting is that the contact-angle saturation, a long-standing and known limitation in the field of electrowetting, can be overcome by tuning uniformly the lattice atomic charge at the surface, thereby offering a new way to mitigate the contact-angle saturation for various electrowetting applications.

中文翻译：

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通过非常规的电润湿获得丰富的单层冰拓扑。

对物质进行纳米级的精确处理并最终降低到单个原子或分子的水平是前沿研究的一个持续课题。在这里，我们表明，在基片上的水单层的拓扑结构，在完全润湿状态，可以被操纵成富形成有序的结构通过电润湿。值得注意的是，从我们的分子动力学模拟中发现了两种新的单层冰拓扑：一种在室温下稳定，另一种在室温下稳定。此外，可以通过均匀地改变以有序方式分布在模型基板上的偶极子或四极子的每个原子位点的电荷，将基板的润湿性从超疏水性调整为超亲水性。在一定的原子电荷阈值下，基板上的水滴会自发散开，从而实现完全的电润湿。重要的是，与涉及施加均匀外部电场的常规电润湿不同，我们首次提出了非常规电润湿，通过调用嵌入在衬底中的偶极和四极的电场。而且，通过使用非常规电润湿可以实现水单层的不同拓扑。非常规电润湿的主要优点是，可以通过均匀地调节表面的晶格原子电荷来克服接触角饱和（电润湿领域中长期存在的已知限制）。减轻各种电润湿应用的接触角饱和度。