Adding a 200-mile range in 10 min, so-called extreme fast charging (XFC), is the key to mainstream adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Here, we present an asymmetric temperature modulation (ATM) method that, on one hand, charges a Li-ion cell at an elevated temperature of 60°C to eliminate Li plating and, on the other, limits the exposure time at 60°C to only ∼10 min per cycle, or 0.1% of the lifetime of a BEV, to prevent severe solid-electrolyte-interphase growth. The asymmetric temperature between charge and discharge opens a new path to enhance kinetics and transport during charging while still achieving long life. We show that a 9.5-Ah 170-Wh/kg cell sustained 1,700 XFC cycles (6 C charge to 80% state of charge) at 20% capacity loss with the ATM, compared to 60 cycles for a control cell, and that a 209-Wh/kg BEV cell retained 91.7% capacity after 2,500 XFC cycles.

在10分钟内增加200英里的行驶里程，即所谓的极速充电（XFC），是电池电动汽车（BEV）主流采用的关键。在这里，我们提出一种非对称温度调制（ATM）方法，该方法一方面在60°C的高温下为锂离子电池充电，以消除锂镀层，另一方面，将暴露时间限制在60°C每个循环约10分钟，或BEV寿命的0.1％，以防止严重的固体电解质界面生长。充电和放电之间的不对称温度开辟了一条新途径，以增强充电过程中的动力学和传输性能，同时仍可实现长寿命。我们显示，一个9.5-Ah 170-Wh / kg的电池在ATM上以20％的容量损失维持了1,700个XFC循环（6 C充电至80％的荷电状态），而对照电池则为60个循环，而209个-Wh / kg BEV电池保留91。