Background

Sex differences in cardiovascular diseases generally disadvantage women, particularly within developing regions.

Aims

This study aims to examine sex-related differences in stroke metrics across Southeast Asia in 2015. Furthermore, relative changes between sexes are compared from 1990 to 2015.

Methods

Data were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Incidence and mortality from ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes were explored with the following statistics derived: (1) women-to-men incidence/mortality ratio and (2) relative percentage change in rate.

Results

Women had lower incidence and mortality from stroke compared to men. Notable findings include higher ischemic stroke incidence for women at 30–34 years in high-income countries (women-to-men ratio: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.1, 16.2 in Brunei and 1.3, 95% CI: 0.5, 3.2 in Singapore) and the largest difference between sexes for ischemic stroke mortality in Vietnam and Myanmar across most ages. Within the last 25 years, greater reductions for ischemic stroke metrics were observed among women compared to men. Nevertheless, women below 40 years in some countries showed an increase in ischemic stroke incidence between 0.5% and 11.4%, whereas in men, a decline from −4.2% to −44.2%. Indonesia reported the largest difference between sexes for ischemic stroke mortality; a reduction for women whereas an increase in men. For hemorrhagic stroke, findings were similar: higher incidence among young women in high-income countries and greater reductions for stroke metrics in women than men over the last 25 years.

Conclusions

Distinct sex-specific differences observed across Southeast Asia should be accounted in future stroke preventive guidelines.

中文翻译：

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东南亚国家/地区卒中指标的性别差异：2015年全球疾病负担研究的结果

背景

心血管疾病的性别差异通常会使妇女处于不利地位，特别是在发展中地区。

目的

本研究旨在调查2015年整个东南亚的卒中指标中与性别相关的差异。此外，还比较了1990年至2015年之间性别之间的相对变化。

方法

数据来自全球疾病负担研究。通过以下统计数据探讨了缺血性和出血性中风的发病率和死亡率：（1）男女发病率/死亡率之比，以及（2）比率的相对变化率。

结果

与男性相比，女性中风的发病率和死亡率更低。值得注意的发现包括高收入国家30-34岁女性缺血性卒中的发生率更高（文莱男女比例：1.3、95％CI：0.1、16.2；新加坡1.3、95％CI：0.5、3.2） ），并且越南和缅甸在大多数年龄段的男女中，缺血性卒中死亡率的最大差异。在过去的25年中，与男性相比，女性的缺血性卒中指标下降幅度更大。尽管如此，一些国家中40岁以下的女性缺血性卒中发生率增加了0.5％至11.4％，而男性从-4.2％下降至-44.2％。印度尼西亚报告说，缺血性中风死亡率的性别差异最大。妇女减少，而男子增加。对于出血性中风，发现相似：

结论

在未来的中风预防指南中应考虑到东南亚地区明显的性别差异。