The physical properties of two-dimensional van der Waals crystals can be sensitive to interlayer coupling. For two-dimensional magnets1-3, theory suggests that interlayer exchange coupling is strongly dependent on layer separation while the stacking arrangement can even change the sign of the interlayer magnetic exchange, thus drastically modifying the ground state4-10. Here, we demonstrate pressure tuning of magnetic order in the two-dimensional magnet CrI3. We probe the magnetic states using tunnelling8,11-13 and scanning magnetic circular dichroism microscopy measurements2. We find that interlayer magnetic coupling can be more than doubled by hydrostatic pressure. In bilayer CrI3, pressure induces a transition from layered antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase. In trilayer CrI3, pressure can create coexisting domains of three phases, one ferromagnetic and two antiferromagnetic. The observed changes in magnetic order can be explained by changes in the stacking arrangement. Such coupling between stacking order and magnetism provides ample opportunities for designer magnetic phases and functionalities.

中文翻译：

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通过层堆叠的压力调节来切换二维磁态。

二维范德华晶体的物理性质对层间耦合很敏感。对于二维磁体 1-3，理论表明层间交换耦合强烈依赖于层分离，而堆叠排列甚至可以改变层间磁交换的符号，从而极大地改变基态 4-10。在这里，我们展示了二维磁体 CrI3 中磁序的压力调谐。我们使用隧道 8、11-13 和扫描磁圆二色性显微镜测量 2 探测磁态。我们发现层间磁耦合可以通过静水压力增加一倍以上。在双层 CrI3 中，压力会引起层状反铁磁相向铁磁相的转变。在三层 CrI3 中，压力可以产生三相共存的畴，一个铁磁性和两个反铁磁性。观察到的磁序变化可以通过堆叠排列的变化来解释。堆叠顺序和磁性之间的这种耦合为设计者的磁性相位和功能提供了充足的机会。