Mechanical mismatches between implanted electronics and biological tissues can lead to inaccurate readings and long-term tissue damage. Here, we show that functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes twisted into helical fibre bundles that mimic the hierarchical structure of muscle can monitor multiple disease biomarkers in vivo. The flexible fibre bundles are injectable, have a low bending stiffness and display ultralow stress under compression. As proof-of-concept evidence of the sensing capabilities of these fibre bundles, we show that the fibre bundles enable the spatially resolved and real-time monitoring of H2O2 when implanted in tumours in mice, and that they can be integrated with a wireless transmission system on an adhesive skin patch to monitor calcium ions and glucose in the venous blood of cats for 28 d. The versatility of the helical fibre bundles as chemically functionalized electrochemical sensors makes them suitable for multiple sensing applications in biomedicine and healthcare.

中文翻译：

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功能化的碳纳米管螺旋纤维束作为电化学传感器，用于长期体内监测多种疾病生物标志物。

植入的电子设备和生物组织之间的机械失配会导致读数不准确和长期的组织损伤。在这里，我们展示了功能化的多壁碳纳米管扭曲成模拟肌肉层次结构的螺旋纤维束，可以在体内监测多种疾病生物标志物。柔性纤维束是可注射的，具有低弯曲刚度并在压缩下显示出超低应力。作为这些纤维束传感能力的概念验证证据，我们表明，当植入小鼠肿瘤时，纤维束能够对 H2O2 进行空间分辨和实时监测，并且它们可以与无线传输集成系统在粘性​​皮肤贴片上监测猫静脉血中的钙离子和葡萄糖 28 天。