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A family-centered prevention ameliorates the associations of low self-control during childhood with employment income and poverty status in young African American adults.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-27 , DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13139
Gene H Brody 1 , Tianyi Yu 1 , Gregory E Miller 2 , Edith Chen 2
Affiliation  

OBJECTIVE Children with low self-control who grow up in poverty are at elevated risk for living in poverty when they are adults. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the intergenerational continuity of poverty by (a) examining the likelihood that children with low levels of self-control at age 11 earn less employment income and are more likely to live in poverty 14 years later, at age 25; and (b) determining, via a preventive intervention, whether enhancing supportive parenting during childhood will ameliorate these associations. METHODS Parents and their 11-year-old children from 381 families participated in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or a control condition. Teachers assessed children's self-control at 11 years; parents reported their use of supportive parenting when children were 11 and 13 years; emerging adults provided data on cognitive and emotional self-control at 19, 20, and 21 years; and young adults indicated their employment income at 25 years. RESULTS Significant two-way interactions were detected between children's self-control and prevention condition for employment income (b = -183.18, 95% CI [-363.82, -2.53], p < .05) and poverty status (b = 0.257, 95% CI [0.018, 0.497], p < .05). Low self-control at age 11 forecast less employment income and a greater likelihood of living in poverty among children in the control condition, but not among low self-control SAAF participants. Mediated moderation analyses confirmed that enhanced supportive parenting accounted for SAAF's effects on employment income (indirect effect = 63.057, 95% BCA [19.385, 124.748]) and poverty status (indirect effect = -0.071, 95% BCA [-0.165, -0.016]). CONCLUSIONS This study is unique in using a randomized controlled trial to show that preventive interventions designed to enhance parenting and strengthen families can buffer the long-term economic consequences of low self-control.

中文翻译:

以家庭为中心的预防措施可以改善非裔美国年轻人童年时期的低自控与就业收入和贫困状况之间的关联。

目标 在贫困中长大的自控能力低下的儿童成年后生活在贫困中的风险更高。本研究的目的是通过 (a) 检查 11 岁时自制力低的儿童获得较少的就业收入并更有可能在 14 年后生活在贫困中的可能性,从而进一步了解贫困的代际连续性, 25岁;(b) 通过预防性干预,确定在儿童时期加强支持性养育是否会改善这些关联。方法 来自 381 个家庭的父母和他们 11 岁的孩子参加了强大的非裔美国人家庭 (SAAF) 计划或控制条件。教师评估孩子11岁时的自控能力;父母报告说他们在孩子 11 岁和 13 岁时使用了支持性养育方式;新兴成年人提供了 19、20 和 21 岁时的认知和情绪自我控制数据;和年轻人表示他们 25 岁时的就业收入。结果 在儿童就业收入的自我控制和预防条件 (b = -183.18, 95% CI [-363.82, -2.53], p < .05) 和贫困状况 (b = 0.257, 95) 之间检测到显着的双向相互作用% CI [0.018, 0.497], p < .05)。11 岁时的低自控力预示着在控制条件下的儿童​​就业收入减少,生活贫困的可能性更大,但在自控力低的 SAAF 参与者中则不然。中介调节分析证实,加强支持性养育解释了 SAAF 对就业收入的影响(间接影响 = 63.057, 95% BCA [19.385, 124.748])和贫困状况(间接影响 = -0.071, 95% BCA [-0.165, -0.016])。结论 本研究的独特之处在于,使用随机对照试验表明旨在加强养育和巩固家庭的预防性干预措施可以缓冲自控能力低下的长期经济后果。
更新日期:2019-10-28
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