ABSTRACT Inorganic and organic hybrids are a class of new materials that are purposely designed and arranged at individual species levels (often at nanoscale) to provide new morphological attributes and properties. This review is intended to offer a systematic discussion and understanding of nanoparticle–polymer hybrid materials. First, integration of nanoparticles and organic matrices is explained from two aspects: mixing of nanoparticles and organic matrix materials and in-situ formation of hybrids; the latter includes both in-situ nanoparticle formation and in-situ polymerisation. Traditional processing techniques for hybrids, such as spin coating and casting, are briefly reviewed followed by more detailed discussion on patterning through self-organisation, laser-induced patterning, and nanoimprint lithographic moulding. The extraordinary potentials of hybrids in existing property improvement and new property creation, including mechanical property, electronic property, optical property, catalytic property, magnetic property, and sensing property are presented. Lastly, opportunities and challenges for future hybrid material development are provided.

中文翻译：

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混合材料——对共分散、加工、图案和特性的回顾

摘要 无机和有机杂化物是一类新材料，它们在单个物种水平（通常是纳米级）上有目的地设计和排列，以提供新的形态属性和特性。本综述旨在对纳米粒子-聚合物杂化材料进行系统的讨论和理解。首先，从纳米粒子与有机基体材料的混合和杂化物的原位形成两个方面来解释纳米粒子与有机基体的结合；后者包括原位纳米颗粒形成和原位聚合。简要回顾了混合体的传统加工技术，例如旋涂和浇铸，然后更详细地讨论了通过自组织、激光诱导图案化和纳米压印光刻成型的图案化。展示了杂化物在现有性能改进和新性能创造方面的非凡潜力，包括机械性能、电子性能、光学性能、催化性能、磁性和传感性能。最后，提供了未来混合材料发展的机遇和挑战。