It is well recognized that the atmospheric deposition of iron (Fe) affects ocean productivity, atmospheric CO₂ uptake, ecosystem diversity, and overall climate. Despite significant advances in measurement techniques and modeling efforts, discrepancies persist between observations and models that hinder accurate predictions of processes and their global effects. Here, we provide an assessment report on where the current state of knowledge is and where future research emphasis would have the highest impact in furthering the field of Fe atmosphere-ocean biogeochemical cycle. These results were determined through consensus reached by diverse researchers from the oceanographic and atmospheric science communities with backgrounds in laboratory and in situ measurements, modeling, and remote sensing. We discuss i) novel measurement methodologies and instrumentation that allow detection and speciation of different forms and oxidation states of Fe in deliquesced mineral aerosol, cloud/rainwater, and seawater; ii) oceanic models that treat Fe cycling with several external sources and sinks, dissolved, colloidal, particulate, inorganic, and organic ligand-complexed forms of Fe, as well as Fe in detritus and phytoplankton; and iii) atmospheric models that consider natural and anthropogenic sources of Fe, mobilization of Fe in mineral aerosols due to the dissolution of Fe-oxides and Fe-substituted aluminosilicates through proton-promoted, organic ligand-promoted, and photo-reductive mechanisms. In addition, the study identifies existing challenges and disconnects (both fundamental and methodological) such as i) inconsistencies in Fe nomenclature and the definition of bioavailable Fe between oceanic and atmospheric disciplines, and ii) the lack of characterization of the processes controlling Fe speciation and residence time at the atmosphere-ocean interface. Such challenges are undoubtedly caused by extremely low concentrations, short lifetime, and the myriad of physical, (photo)chemical, and biological processes affecting global biogeochemical cycling of Fe. However, we also argue that the historical division (separate treatment of Fe biogeochemistry in oceanic and atmospheric disciplines) and the classical funding structures (that often create obstacles for transdisciplinary collaboration) are also hampering the advancement of knowledge in the field. Finally, the study provides some specific ideas and guidelines for laboratory studies, field measurements, and modeling research required for improved characterization of global biogeochemical cycling of Fe in relationship with other trace elements and essential nutrients. The report is intended to aid scientists in their work related to Fe biogeochemistry as well as program managers at the relevant funding agencies.

众所周知，大气中的铁（Fe）沉积会影响海洋生产力，大气中的CO ₂吸收，生态系统多样性和整体气候。尽管测量技术和建模工作取得了重大进展，但是观测值和模型之间仍然存在差异，这妨碍了对过程及其全局效应的准确预测。在这里，我们提供了一份评估报告，介绍了当前的知识状况以及未来的研究重点将在进一步推动Fe大气-海洋生物地球化学循环领域中发挥最大作用。这些结果是由来自海洋学和大气科学界的，具有实验室和现场测量，建模和遥感背景的不同研究人员达成的共识确定的。我们将讨论：i）新颖的测量方法和仪器，可以检测和定量化潮解性矿物气溶胶，云/雨水和海水中铁的不同形式和氧化态；ii）用几种外部源和汇，溶解，胶体，颗粒，无机和有机配体复合形式的铁以及碎屑和浮游植物中的铁来处理铁循环的海洋模型；iii）大气模型，其中考虑了天然的和人为的铁源，由于质子促进，有机配体促进和光还原机制溶解了铁氧化物和铁取代的铝硅酸盐，使矿物气溶胶中的铁动员。此外，这项研究确定了现有的挑战和脱节（从根本上和方法上），例如：i）铁的命名法上的不一致以及海洋和大气学科之间铁的可利用性的定义，以及ii）缺乏控制铁的形态和停留时间的过程的特征大气-海洋界面。毫无疑问，这些挑战是由极低的浓度，短的寿命以及影响Fe的全球生物地球化学循环的众多物理，（光）化学和生物过程引起的。然而，我们还认为，历史划分（在海洋和大气学科中对铁生物地球化学进行单独处理）和经典的资助结构（通常会为跨学科合作造成障碍）也阻碍了该领域知识的发展。最后，该研究为实验室研究，野外测量和建模研究提供了一些特定的思想和指南，这些研究和模型研究需要改进与其他微量元素和必需营养素有关的全球铁地球化学地球化学循环的表征。该报告旨在帮助科学家从事与铁生物地球化学有关的工作，并协助相关资助机构的计划经理。进行模型研究，以改善与其他微量元素和必需营养素有关的全球铁生物地球化学循环特征。该报告旨在帮助科学家从事与铁生物地球化学有关的工作，并协助相关资助机构的计划经理。进行模型研究，以改善与其他微量元素和必需营养素有关的全球铁生物地球化学循环特征。该报告旨在帮助科学家从事与铁生物地球化学有关的工作，并协助相关资助机构的计划经理。