The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important reaction in fuel cells. The efficiency of the ORR is related to the efficiency of fuel cells. Therefore, research on ORR catalysts is an essential issue. Non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) have been a research hotspot in recent years due to cost considerations, and carbon-based catalysts are an important component of NPMCs. Carbon-based catalysts have a wide range of sources, are low-cost, and have superior performance and good stability. In this review, the pyrolysis step in the preparation of carbon-based catalysts was utilized to analyze the composition of the pyrolysis precursor and the effect of the structure on the catalytic activity of the catalyst. We classify carbon-based catalysts into four types depending on the type of precursor: biomass-derived, organic mixture-derived, MOF-derived, and molded carbon material-derived carbon-based catalyst. At the same time, the influence of pyrolysis conditions on the catalytic activity of the product was considered.

中文翻译：

---

热解碳材料作为氧还原反应的电催化剂的最新进展

氧还原反应（ORR）是燃料电池中的重要反应。ORR的效率与燃料电池的效率有关。因此，对ORR催化剂的研究是必不可少的问题。出于成本考虑，近年来非贵金属催化剂（NPMCs）成为研究热点，而碳基催化剂是NPMCs的重要组成部分。碳基催化剂具有广泛的来源，成本低廉，并且具有优越的性能和良好的稳定性。在这篇综述中，利用碳基催化剂制备中的热解步骤来分析热解前体的组成以及结构对催化剂催化活性的影响。根据前体的类型，我们将碳基催化剂分为四种类型：生物质衍生，有机混合物衍生，MOF衍生，以及源自模制碳材料的碳基催化剂。同时，考虑了热解条件对产物催化活性的影响。