As global temperatures continue to rise, improving thermal tolerance in the aged population is crucial to counteract age-associated impairments in thermoregulatory function. Impairments in reflex cutaneous vasodilation and sweating response can augment the vulnerability of older adults to heat-related injuries following exposure to heat stress. Mechanisms underlying a compromised cutaneous vasodilation are suggested to include reduced sympathetic neural drive, diminished cholinergic co-transmitter contribution, and altered second messenger signaling events. On the other hand, impairments in sweating response are ascribed to reduced sweat gland cholinergic sensitivity and altered cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide signaling. Several practical mitigation strategies such as exercise, passive heating, and behavioral adaptations are proposed as means to overcome heat stress and improve thermal tolerance in the aged. Aerobic exercise training is shown to be amongst the most effective ways to enhance thermoregulatory function. However, in elderly with limited exercise capability due to chronic diseases and mobility issues, passive heating can serve as a functional alternative as it has been shown to confer similar benefits to that of exercise training. Supplementary to exercise training and passive heating, behavioral adaptations can be applied to further enhance the heat-preparedness of the aged.

中文翻译：

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人口老龄化中的体温调节和克服明天变暖的实用策略。

随着全球温度的持续升高，提高老年人的耐热性对于抵消与年龄相关的体温调节功能的损害至关重要。反射性皮肤血管舒张和出汗反应的损害可增加老年人在暴露于热应激后易受热相关伤害的能力。皮肤血管舒张受损的潜在机制包括减少交感神经驱动，减少胆碱能辅助递质的贡献以及改变第二信使信号事件。另一方面，出汗反应的障碍归因于汗腺胆碱能敏感性的降低和环氧合酶和一氧化氮信号的改变。几种实用的缓解策略，例如运动，被动加热，提出了行为适应方法，以克服热应力并提高老年人的耐热性。有氧运动训练被证明是增强体温调节功能的最有效方法之一。但是，在由于慢性疾病和活动性问题而导致运动能力有限的老年人中，被动加热可以作为一种功能性替代选择，因为它已显示出与运动训练相似的益处。除了运动训练和被动加热外，可以采用行为适应来进一步增强老年人的防热能力。对于由于慢性疾病和行动不便导致运动能力有限的老年人，被动加热可以作为一种功能选择，因为事实证明，被动加热可以提供与运动训练相似的益处。除了锻炼训练和被动加热外，可以采用行为适应来进一步增强老年人的热准备能力。对于由于慢性疾病和行动不便而导致运动能力有限的老年人，被动加热可以作为一种功能性替代选择，因为事实证明，被动加热可以提供与运动训练类似的好处。除了锻炼训练和被动加热外，可以采用行为适应来进一步增强老年人的热准备能力。