In regions rich in natural resources, nature-based tourism is advancing rapidly. This form of development is identified as an important economic opportunity for local communities but can impact ecosystem services through rapid landscape transformation, threatening the livelihoods of the most impoverished sectors of a community. While it is accepted that communities should participate in the planning process, variation in community and household-level landscape dependencies and priorities can create a fractured viewpoint that is difficult to integrate into the land planning process. Power structures and special interests can subvert participatory processes and input at the community level. In the Chobe District, Northern Botswana, tourism, and other related developments had occurred at a rapid pace around the Chobe National Park creating access barriers, in some instances, to essential natural resource areas. We evaluate community landscape dependencies and participatory approaches to the development of inclusive land use maps. Spatial information on land use dependencies from household surveys were used to form the bases of reiterative village-level participatory mapping exercises (n = 179 households, six villages). The activities were conducted through traditional leadership structures. Landscape dependencies were widespread across study villages in both natural resource and agricultural sectors. Cluster and CART analysis of household data identified important variation in landscape dependencies between and within study villages. Fishing was the most important factor predicting gender of headship with male-headed households using this resource more frequently. Spatial data from these household consultations were used to create a draft map that was reiteratively refined through participatory map building exercises until final approval was provided by community members and their traditional leaders in a village. Scaled consultations and involvement of the traditional leadership limited the ability of power structures to control the process and/or subvert the interests of more vulnerable members of a community. Mapping outputs were later successfully used in land planning exercises and consultations. Development of inclusive community consensus on landscape dependencies should be undertaken before lucrative tourism ventures and land allocations are advanced in competition to the needs of more vulnerable and often voiceless sectors of a community.

在自然资源丰富的地区，以自然为基础的旅游业正在迅速发展。这种发展形式被认为是当地社区的重要经济机会，但可以通过快速的景观改造影响生态系统服务，威胁到社区中最贫困阶层的生计。尽管人们认为社区应该参与规划过程，但社区和家庭层面景观依存度和优先级的变化会产生破碎的观点，难以融入土地规划过程。权力结构和特殊利益可以破坏社区一级的参与性过程和投入。在博茨瓦纳北部乔贝区，旅游业 在乔贝国家公园附近，其他相关事态发展迅速，在某些情况下，这为必不可少的自然资源区造成了通行障碍。我们评估社区景观的依存性和参与性方法，以开发包容性土地利用图。来自家庭调查的关于土地利用依存关系的空间信息被用来构成村庄级参与式测绘活动的基础（ñ = 179户，六个村庄）。这些活动是通过传统的领导结构进行的。在自然资源和农业部门的研究村中，对景观的依赖性普遍存在。住户数据的聚类和CART分析确定了研究村庄之间和村庄内部景观依赖性的重要变化。捕鱼是预测男性户主家庭更经常使用该资源的性别的最重要因素。这些家庭咨询的空间数据被用于创建地图草稿，并通过参与式地图构建练习反复地完善地图草稿，直到社区成员及其村庄的传统领导者最终批准为止。传统领导人的大规模协商和参与限制了权力机构控制程序和/或破坏社区中较弱势群体利益的能力。测绘输出后来成功地用于土地规划活动和协商中。在有利可图的旅游业和土地分配在竞争中发展以满足社区中较弱势且往往无声的部门的需求之前，应就社区对景观依赖性的共识达成共识。