Although recent years have seen large decreases in the overall global rate of suicide fatalities, this trend is not reflected everywhere. Suicide and suicidal behaviour continue to present key challenges for public policy and health services, with increasing suicide deaths in some countries such as the USA. The development of suicide risk is complex, involving contributions from biological (including genetics), psychological (such as certain personality traits), clinical (such as comorbid psychiatric illness), social and environmental factors. The involvement of multiple risk factors in conveying risk of suicide means that determining an individual's risk of suicide is challenging. Improving risk assessment, for example, by using computer testing and genetic screening, is an area of ongoing research. Prevention is key to reduce the number of suicide deaths and prevention efforts include universal, selective and indicated interventions, although these interventions are often delivered in combination. These interventions, combined with psychological (such as cognitive behavioural therapy, caring contacts and safety planning) and pharmacological treatments (for example, clozapine and ketamine) along with coordinated social and public health initiatives, should continue to improve the management of individuals who are suicidal and decrease suicide-associated morbidity.

中文翻译：

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自杀和自杀风险。

尽管近年来全球自杀死亡总人数大幅度下降，但这一趋势并未在所有地方得到体现。自杀和自杀行为继续对公共政策和卫生服务构成主要挑战，在美国等一些国家，自杀死亡人数也在增加。自杀风险的发展是复杂的，涉及生物学（包括遗传学），心理（例如某些人格特质），临床（例如合并性精神病），社会和环境因素的贡献。在传达自杀风险中涉及多种风险因素，这意味着确定个人的自杀风险具有挑战性。例如，通过使用计算机测试和基因筛选来改善风险评估是一个正在进行的研究领域。预防是减少自杀死亡人数的关键，预防工作包括普遍的，有选择的和明确的干预措施，尽管这些干预措施通常是结合在一起进行的。这些干预措施，结合心理（例如认知行为疗法，关怀接触和安全计划）和药物治疗（例如氯氮平和氯胺酮），以及协调的社会和公共卫生措施，应继续改善对自杀者的管理。并减少自杀相关的发病率。