We characterized ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) from salt marsh sediments in the Gulf of Mexico over 5 years to identify environmental drivers of nitrifying community patterns following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Samples were collected from oiled and unoiled sites in July of 2012–2016 from 12 marshes spanning three regions on the Louisiana coast. No consistent oil effect was detected for either AOA or AOB abundance or community composition. At the local scale, abundance was correlated with changes in marsh elevation, suggesting that oxygen may be an important driver. Regional differences in abundance were best explained by salinity and soil moisture, while interannual variation may be more linked to changes in climate and Mississippi River discharge. Variation of AOA communities was correlated with organic sediment nutrients, while AOB communities were correlated with soil extractable nutrients. AOA and AOB diversity and AOB abundance decreased in 2014 in all regions, suggesting that broad‐scale drivers, such as climate, may explain synchronous shifts throughout the coastal area. Our results provide insights about large‐scale disturbances on nitrifying microbes in the Gulf of Mexico, and suggest that nitrogen cycling may be controlled primarily by local factors, but large‐scale drivers might override these localized differences at times.

中文翻译：

---

墨西哥湾盐沼中本地和区域驱动因素对氨氧化群落的时空变化的影响。

我们对墨西哥湾盐沼沉积物中的氨氧化古细菌（AOA）和细菌（AOB）进行了5年的表征，以识别“深水地平线”石油泄漏后硝化群落模式的环境驱动因素。在2012年7月至2016年7月期间，从路易斯安那海岸三个地区的12个沼泽地中的上油和未上油地点收集了样本。对于AOA或AOB的丰度或群落组成，均未检测到一致的油脂效应。在当地范围内，丰度与沼泽海拔的变化相关，表明氧气可能是重要的驱动力。盐度和土壤湿度最好地解释了丰度的区域差异，而年际变化可能与气候变化和密西西比河流量更相关。AOA群落的变化与有机沉积物养分相关，而AOB群落的变化与土壤可提取的养分相关。2014年，所有地区的AOA和AOB多样性以及AOB丰度均下降，这表明气候等广泛的驱动因素可能解释了整个沿海地区的同步变化。我们的结果提供了有关墨西哥湾硝化微生物大规模扰动的见解，并表明氮循环可能主要受局部因素控制，但大规模驱动因素有时可能会覆盖这些局部差异。可以解释整个沿海地区的同步变化。我们的结果提供了有关墨西哥湾硝化微生物大规模扰动的见解，并表明氮循环可能主要受局部因素控制，但大规模驱动因素有时可能会覆盖这些局部差异。可以解释整个沿海地区的同步变化。我们的结果提供了有关墨西哥湾硝化微生物大规模扰动的见解，并表明氮循环可能主要受局部因素控制，但大规模驱动因素有时可能会覆盖这些局部差异。