The successive acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases and acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases produces phosphatidic acid (PA), a precursor for CDP-diacylglycerol-dependent phospholipid synthesis. PA is further dephosphorylated by LIPINs to produce diacylglycerol (DG), a substrate for the synthesis of triglyceride (TG) by DG acyltransferases and a precursor for phospholipid synthesis via the CDP-choline and CDP–ethanolamine (Kennedy) pathways. The channeling of fatty acids into TG for storage in lipid droplets and secretion in lipoproteins or phospholipids for membrane biogenesis is dependent on isoform expression, activity and localization of G3P pathway enzymes, as well as dietary and hormonal and tissue-specific factors. Here, we review the mechanisms that control partitioning of substrates into lipid products of the G3P pathway.

甘油3磷酸酰基转移酶和酰基甘油3磷酸酰基转移酶对甘油3磷酸（G3P）的连续酰化产生磷脂酸（PA），它是CDP-二酰基甘油依赖性磷脂合成的前体。PA被LIPIN进一步去磷酸化，生成二酰基甘油（DG），通过DG酰基转移酶合成甘油三酸酯（TG）的底物和通过CDP-胆碱和CDP-乙醇胺（肯尼迪）途径。脂肪酸进入TG的通道以储存在脂质小滴中以及脂蛋白或磷脂的分泌以用于膜生物发生，取决于G3P途径酶的同工型表达，活性和定位，以及饮食，激素和组织特异性因子。在这里，我们审查了控制底物分配到G3P途径的脂质产物的机制。