Stand-alone reverse osmosis (RO) has been proposed to produce high-quality drinking water from raw riverbank filtrate impacted by anthropogenic activities. To evaluate RO efficacy in removing organic micropollutants, biological analyses were combined with non-target screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry and open cheminformatics tools. The bank filtrate induced xenobiotic metabolism mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR, adaptive stress response mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2 and genotoxicity in the Ames-fluctuation test. These effects were absent in the RO permeate (product water), indicating the removal of bioactive micropollutants by RO membranes. In the water samples, 49 potentially toxic compounds were tentatively identified with the in silico fragmentation tool MetFrag using the US Environmental Protection Agency CompTox Chemicals Dashboard database. 5 compounds were confirmed with reference standards and 16 were tentatively identified with high confidence based on similarities to accurate mass spectra in open libraries. The bioactivity data of the confirmed chemicals indicated that 2,6-dichlorobenzamide and bentazone in water samples can contribute to the activation of AhR and oxidative stress response, respectively. The bioactivity data of 7 compounds tentatively identified with high confidence indicated that these structures can contribute to the induction of such effects. This study showed that riverbank filtration followed by RO could produce drinking water free of the investigated toxic effects.

中文翻译：

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使用生物分析工具和非目标筛查评估河岸滤液的反渗透饮用水处理†

已经提出了独立的反渗透（RO）技术，可以从受人为活动影响的原始河岸滤液中生产高质量的饮用水。为了评估反渗透在去除有机微量污染物方面的功效，将生物学分析与使用高分辨率质谱和开放式化学信息学工具进行的非目标筛选相结合。在Ames波动试验中，银行滤液诱导了由芳烃受体AhR介导的异种生物代谢，由转录因子Nrf2介导的适应性应激反应和遗传毒性。这些影响在反渗透渗透液（产水）中不存在，表明反渗透膜已去除了生物活性的微污染物。在水样，49种潜在的有毒化合物被暂时与所识别的，在硅片使用美国环境保护局CompTox化学品仪表板数据库的碎片化工具MetFrag。根据与开放库中精确质谱的相似性，使用参考标准物确认了5种化合物，并初步确定了16种高可信度化合物。确认化学品的生物活性数据表明，水样品中的2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺和苯达松可分别促进AhR的激活和氧化应激反应。初步确定的7种化合物的生物活性数据表明，这些结构可有助于诱导此类效应。这项研究表明，对河岸进行过滤，然后进行反渗透，可以生产出没有所研究的有毒作用的饮用水。