B lymphocytes must respond to vast numbers of foreign antigens, including those of microbial pathogens. To do so, developing B cells use combinatorial joining of V-, D-, and J-gene segments to generate an extraordinarily diverse repertoire of B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs). Unsurprisingly, a large fraction of this initial BCR repertoire reacts to self-antigens, and these "forbidden" B cells are culled by immunological tolerance from mature B-cell populations. While culling of autoreactive BCRs mitigates the risk of autoimmunity, it also opens gaps in the BCR repertoire, which are exploited by pathogens that mimic the forbidden self-epitopes. Consequently, immunological tolerance, necessary for averting autoimmune disease, also acts to limit effective microbial immunity. In this brief review, we recount the evidence for the linkage of tolerance and impaired microbial immunity, consider the implications of this linkage for vaccine development, and discuss modulating tolerance as a potential strategy for strengthening humoral immune responses.

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注意差距：B 细胞耐受性对微生物抗体库的影响。

B 淋巴细胞必须对大量外来抗原作出反应，包括微生物病原体的抗原。为此，正在发育的 B 细胞使用 V 基因、D 基因和 J 基因片段的组合连接来生成极其多样化的 B 细胞抗原受体 (BCR) 库。不出所料，这个初始 BCR 库的很大一部分会与自身抗原发生反应，并且这些“被禁止的”B 细胞会被成熟 B 细胞群的免疫耐受性剔除。虽然剔除自身反应性 BCR 降低了自身免疫的风险，但它也打开了 BCR 库中的空白，这些空白被模仿被禁止的自身表位的病原体利用。因此，避免自身免疫性疾病所必需的免疫耐受性也会限制有效的微生物免疫。在这篇简短的评论中，