BACKGROUND The diagnosis of stroke in the prehospital environment is the subject of intense interest and research. There are a number of non-invasive external brain monitoring devices in development that utilize various technologies to function as sensors for stroke and other neurological conditions. Future increased use of one or more of these devices could result in substantial changes in the current processes for stroke diagnosis and treatment, including transportation of stroke patients by emergency medical services. AIMS The present review will summarize information about 10 stroke sensor devices currently in development, utilizing various forms of technology, and all of which are external, non-invasive brain monitoring devices. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Ten devices are discussed including the technology utilized, the indications for use (stroke and, when relevant, other neurological conditions), the environment(s) indicated for use (with a focus on the prehospital setting), a description of the physical structure of each instrument, and, when available, findings that have been published in peer-reviewed journals or otherwise reported. The review is organized based on the technology utilized by each device, and seven distinct forms were identified: accelerometers, electroencephalography (EEG), microwaves, near-infrared, radiofrequency, transcranial doppler ultrasound, and volumetric impedance phase shift spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS Non-invasive external brain monitoring devices are in various stages of development and have promise as stroke sensors in the prehospital setting. Some of the potential applications include to differentiate stroke from non-stroke, ischemic from hemorrhage stroke, and large vessel occlusion (LVO) from non-LVO ischemic stroke. Successful stroke diagnosis prior to hospital arrival could transform the current diagnostic and treatment paradigm for this disease.

中文翻译：

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用于院前中风诊断的无创传感器技术：现状和未来方向。

背景技术在院前环境中对中风的诊断是引起广泛关注和研究的主题。有许多正在开发中的非侵入性外部大脑监视设备，它们利用各种技术充当中风和其他神经系统疾病的传感器。将来越来越多地使用这些设备中的一种或多种，​​可能会导致当前的中风诊断和治疗过程发生重大变化，包括通过紧急医疗服务运送中风患者。目的本综述将总结利用各种形式的技术，目前正在开发的10种行程传感器设备的信息，所有这些设备都是外部，非侵入性的大脑监测设备。概述本文讨论了十种设备，包括所采用的技术，使用指征（中风以及其他相关的神经系统疾病），使用环境（着重于院前环境），每种器械的物理结构描述，以及发现时的发现已在同行评审期刊上发表或以其他方式报告的内容。审查是根据每种设备使用的技术组织的，并确定了七种不同的形式：加速度计，脑电图（EEG），微波，近红外，射频，经颅多普勒超声和体阻抗相移光谱法。结论非侵入性外部脑监测设备处于发展的各个阶段，有望在院前环境中用作卒中传感器。一些潜在的应用包括区分中风和非中风，出血性中风引起的缺血性缺血和非LVO缺血性中风引起的大血管闭塞（LVO）。在医院到达之前成功的中风诊断可以改变这种疾病的当前诊断和治疗范例。