Cancer encompasses a complex, heterogeneous and dynamic group of diseases that arise from perturbations to multiple biological networks within the body. A systems biology-based approach would help to decipher this complexity, to deeply characterize the pathophysiology of the disease and to stratify cancers into appropriate molecular subtypes to facilitate the development of personalized therapies. Technological advances made over the past decade have enabled multiscale, longitudinal measurements ('snapshots') of human biology, from single-cell analyses to whole-body monitoring. In this Perspective, we discuss some of these technologies and how they have (and will) contributed to our understanding of cancer biology as well as to the development of early diagnostics and personalized therapies. We argue that the integration of molecular profiling of cancerous tissues with deep, longitudinal profiling of the physiological state of an individual ('deep phenotyping') is key to understanding the prevention, initiation, progression and response to treatment of cancers. Systems biology-based approaches can provide an unprecedented trove of data for early detection of disease transitions, prediction of therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes, and for the design of personalized treatments.

中文翻译：

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临床肿瘤学的系统方法使用深度表型来提供个性化护理。

癌症涵盖了一系列复杂的，异质的和动态的疾病，这些疾病是由对体内多个生物网络的扰动引起的。基于系统生物学的方法将有助于破译这种复杂性，深刻表征疾病的病理生理特征，并将癌症分为适当的分子亚型，以促进个性化疗法的发展。过去十年中取得的技术进步已使人类生物学能够进行多尺度，纵向测量（快照），从单细胞分析到全身监测。在此观点中，我们将讨论其中的一些技术，以及它们如何（并将）有助于我们对癌症生物学的理解以及早期诊断和个性化疗法的发展。我们认为，将癌组织的分子谱与个人的生理状态的深层，纵断面（“深表型”）相结合是理解癌症的预防，起始，进展和反应的关键。基于系统生物学的方法可以为疾病的早期检测，治疗反应和临床结果的预测以及个性化治疗的设计提供前所未有的数据。