Although three-quarters of women experience menopausal symptoms, a subset of more than a third of women have moderate to severe symptoms that are frequently debilitating. Hallmark symptoms include hot flushes and night sweats that persist for about 40% of women into their 60s, disturbed sleep, anxiety and low mood, and vulvovaginal atrophy. The negative effect of bothersome vasomotor symptoms on wellbeing is of the same order of magnitude as housing insecurity. Furthermore, having any vasomotor symptoms more than doubles the likelihood of low self-reported work ability. Postmenopausal oestrogen depletion results in bone loss, leading to osteoporosis and fracture risk. Increased intra-abdominal fat and cardiometabolic changes with menopause predispose to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia.

中文翻译：

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更年期激素疗法：是否值得关注？

尽管四分之三的女性经历了更年期症状，但超过三分之一的女性中有一部分患有中度至重度的症状，这些症状经常使人衰弱。标志性症状包括潮热和盗汗，约40％的女性持续到60多岁，睡眠不安，焦虑和情绪低落，以及阴道阴道萎缩。烦恼的血管舒缩症状对幸福感的负面影响与住房不安全感的数量级相同。此外，具有任何血管舒缩症状的人其自我报告的工作能力低的可能性增加了一倍以上。绝经后雌激素耗竭导致骨质流失，导致骨质疏松和骨折风险。绝经引起腹内脂肪增加和心脏代谢变化，易患心血管疾病，癌症和痴呆症。