The term HIV controller refers to the small proportion of individuals infected with HIV who can spontaneously control viraemia to maintain very low viral loads. One major unresolved question is whether HIV controllers should receive antiretroviral therapy, given that international guidelines recommend treatment for all individuals who are infected with HIV. Differences in the definitions of a controller (in terms of the viral-load cutoff and the duration of viral control) and contrasting reports on CD4 T-cell decline, chronic immune activation, the cardiovascular risk, and loss of viral control in controllers have prevented the development of a consensus view.

术语“ HIV控制者”是指一小部分感染HIV的个体，可以自发控制病毒血症以维持极低的病毒载量。一个主要未解决的问题是，鉴于国际准则建议对所有感染HIV的个体进行治疗，HIV控制者是否应接受抗逆转录病毒治疗。控制器定义的差异（就病毒载量的截断和病毒控制的持续时间而言）以及关于CD4 T细胞下降，慢性免疫激活，心血管疾病的风险以及控制器中病毒控制丧失的对比报道已被阻止发展共识观点。