Abstract Texture has an important role in children’s acceptance and rejection of food. However, little is known about individual differences in texture preference. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a child-friendly tool to explore individual differences in texture preferences in school-aged children from six European countries (Austria, Finland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom). Six hundred and ten children aged 9–12 years and their parents participated in a cross-sectional study. Children completed the Child Food Texture Preference Questionnaire (CFTPQ) and a Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). The CFTPQ consisted in asking children to choose the preferred item within 17 pairs of pictures of food varying in texture (hard vs. soft or smooth vs. lumpy). Children also evaluated all food items for familiarity. Parents completed the CFTPQ regarding their preferred items, a food frequency questionnaire for their child, and provided background information. For a subset of children, a re-test was done for the CFTPQ and FNS to assess reliability. The results showed that the tool was child-friendly, had high test-retest reliability, and identified country-related differences as well as segments of children with different texture preferences (hard- vs. soft-likers). These segments differed in consumption frequency of healthy foods, and in food neophobia.

中文翻译：

---

欧洲儿童质地偏好的个体差异：儿童食物质地偏好问卷 (CFTPQ) 的开发和验证

摘要 质地在儿童对食物的接受和拒绝中起着重要作用。然而，人们对质地偏好的个体差异知之甚少。本研究的目的是开发和验证一种儿童友好工具，以探索来自六个欧洲国家（奥地利、芬兰、意大利、西班牙、瑞典和英国）的学龄儿童在质地偏好方面的个体差异。610 名 9-12 岁的儿童及其父母参与了一项横断面研究。儿童完成了儿童食物质地偏好问卷 (CFTPQ) 和食物恐惧症量表 (FNS)。CFTPQ 包括要求儿童在 17 对质地不同（硬与软或光滑与块状）的食物图片中选择首选项目。孩子们还评估了所有食品的熟悉程度。父母完成了关于他们喜欢的项目的 CFTPQ、他们孩子的食物频率问卷，并提供了背景信息。对于一部分儿童，对 CFTPQ 和 FNS 进行了重新测试以评估可靠性。结果表明，该工具对儿童友好，具有较高的重测可靠性，并确定了与国家相关的差异以及具有不同质地偏好（硬性与软性）的儿童群体。这些细分市场在健康食品的消费频率和食品恐惧症方面存在差异。并确定了与国家相关的差异以及具有不同质地偏好的儿童群体（喜欢硬的和喜欢软的）。这些细分市场在健康食品的消费频率和食物恐惧症方面存在差异。并确定了与国家相关的差异以及具有不同质地偏好的儿童群体（喜欢硬的和喜欢软的）。这些细分市场在健康食品的消费频率和食物恐惧症方面存在差异。